人類暫態記憶的有限性,可以用速記方式加以彌補。新托福考試增加的口語部分就允許考生在聽、讀的同時作些筆記。這對考生在緊張的狀態下產生的“聽時明白聽後忘;讀時明白讀完忘”的現象確實是一個有益的幫助。快而准的筆記能説明考生準確地回憶剛剛讀到、聽到的內容,進而使考生能用恰當的語言準確地回答問題以取得滿意的成績。因而,培養一種高效的速記能力在新托福考試中不僅顯得至關重要,而且勢在必行。
考試中運用怎樣的速記方法因人而異,你甚至可以自創一套獨特的、只有自己可以辨認的速記符號,但關鍵的問題是你的速記要有助於你迅速而準確地回想起一次性聽到的、讀到的東西。所以,“快”而“准”就成了迅速記筆記所應遵循的準則。
下面就為大家列舉一些常用的筆記符號:
Symbol
|
Meaning
|
→
|
go on, continue, last, lead to, cause, result in, make, produce,
stretch, develop, to the right
|
←
|
come from, result from, go back, withdraw, shorten, to the left
|
↑
|
go up, increase, rise, raise, get up, arise, evaporate, fly
|
↓
|
go down, decrease, lower, reduce, decline, sediment, save up, deposit
|
∵
|
because
|
∴
|
so, therefore, thus
|
+
|
plus, and also, in addition
|
-
|
minus
|
×
|
times
|
=
|
equal, equal to, is
|
≠
|
not equal, not equal to, is not
|
~
|
about, approximately, probably, more or less
|
>
|
larger than, bigger than, greater than, more than
|
<
|
smaller than, less than
|
%
|
percent
|
∕
|
per
|
#
|
number
|
&
|
and,
|
@
|
at, each
|
§
|
section
|
?
|
question
|
$
|
dollar, money, cost, price
|
¥
|
RMB(人民幣)
|
pound(英鎊)
|
|
℃
|
Centigrade
|
℉
|
Fahrenheit
|
?
|
copy right
|
registered
|
|
"
|
trade mark
|
eo
|
Euro(歐元)
|
p
|
page
|
?
|
paragraph
|
no.
|
number
|
ft
|
foot, feet
|
2
|
to, two, too
|
ht
|
height
|
wt
|
weight
|
w/
|
with(something)
|
w/o
|
without
|
w/i
|
within
|
i.e.
|
that is
|
e.g.
|
for example, for instance, like, such as
|
etc.
|
et cetera, so on , so forth
|
b/c
|
because
|
b/f
|
before
|
esp.
|
especially
|
min.
|
minimum
|
max.
|
maximum
|
govt
|
government
|
asap
|
as soon as possible
|
rt
|
right
|
wrt
|
write
|
yr
|
year,
|
yrs
|
years
|
vs
|
versus
|
ans
|
answer
|
diff
|
difference, different
|
作記錄並不等於毫無遺漏地將聽到看到的每一個詞都記錄下來,那既是不必要的,也是不現實的、不可能的,特別是在新托福的口語考試中。作記錄應著重那些能反映關鍵資訊的關鍵字,能反映中心意義的核心句。先將它們符號化,然後再將這些符號還原成先前聽到或讀到的內容。請看下面的例子:
例如:
In 1337, a terrible war
began between England and France, and this war continued for almost a hundred
years.
記錄:1337,E war F → 100yrs
速記實際上是我們突破記憶障礙的一種手段,是對記憶的一種補充,是對自己的一種提醒,因此,在作記錄時應注意:
1、所運用的符號應儘量簡單,要便於快速書寫;
2、自己創建的縮略語、符號等自己要能識別;
3、要按聽、讀材料的內容順序記錄關鍵字和關鍵資訊;
4、作成的筆記可以串成與材料內容相符的句子;
5、平時要多練習,保證眼耳手嘴並用,聽說讀寫結合,並嚴格按考試要求的時間操練。
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