新東方線上：2015年7月4日托福真題預測
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寫作預測
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口語預測
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完整托福課程請至 托福TOEFL課程及價位表
2015年7月2日 星期四
2015年7月4日托福獨立口語預測及分析
Task 1
1. What can we do to reduce air pollution? Give examples and details in your answer.
There are lots of ways for the city to reduce air pollution. Firstly, they can cut down the usage of cars and other vehicles, thus the car exhaust can be reduced. The decision makers should invest more money to improve public transportation, like adding more bus routes, making public transportation more accessible; develop express local trains and renovating bumpy roads. Secondly, the government should put forward some policies to punish factory who discharge lots of gas emission into the air, for example, they can impose a heavy tax on these factories. Plus, they can subsidize the environment conscious companies that use renewable energies like natural gas, wind power and nuclear power.
2. Which of the following teaching methods do you consider the most effective, a field trip to local places of interest, tutoring sessions that provide individual help or presentations given by local leaders? Please include reasons and examples to support your choice.
I would say the best way learn is to go on a field trip, and actually I still remember my field trip back in primary school. We went to the zoo, not like watching a video, I got a chance to interact with animals under the instruction of the zoo keeper, they were so lovely. What I am trying to say is that students can discovery stuff that doesn't come across in pictures or videos or even in a classroom. Apart from that, learning through exploration is more fun and effective. There are students who got a hard time reading textbooks, however, going on a field trip, they are totally interested in the stuff they are going to see, thus they concentrate better and can learn more.
3. Your community center now offers classes on the weekends for free, which of the following class you will choose to take, give reason to explain your choose. 1) A financial course to help you manage money 2) car maintenance and repair 3)Review of Latin-American music
I would say I like to take a financial course, cuz, it is very important for someone to be financially independent and manage their money efficiently, by going to a financial course one can learn lots of stuff, like
when it is the right time to invest in stocks, or to buy gold as a form of asset, or even understand the overall economic condition of the country. A friend told me that he recently signed up a on line lecture on how to make wise investment in stock market, and he followed the instructions, and it turned out that he made a very good call by buying the stock from a company, which was recommended in the class, and made a big killing in it.
4. Talk about an organization or club you want to join and why.
I would like to join in the swimming club, cuz if I joined the club, I would have a chance to compete with my teammates to represent my university. That would be a great honor to get to do that. In some competitions, I have to work my teammates to win the game, and it gives me a strong sense of belonging and I feel I am needed by the team, my teammate and I would cheer up each other and get inspirations, encouragements from my fellow teammate. On top that, I am a big swimming fan, when I am swimming in the pool, I feel so relaxed and it is a very good way to keep fit.
5. What the some important effects of worldwide availability of internet on modern people's life? Use specific details and examples to support your response.
Well, internet does have a big impact on people's lives, to begin with,it is a very convenient and fun way to buy stuff on-line, with just a click of the button, the next moment you know, your order is delivered right at your door. It is also easy to compare the prices offered by different on-line stores, the only thing you need to remember is that always to shop in a reputable on-line store. Plus, by signing up on a social network like facebook, MSN, and wechat, which is so popular in China, you can get to know more people. By sending text messages to your friends and family members whenever you want to, I think internet has brought people closer than ever, it makes communication so instant.
6. Would you like to make friend with different interest or the one with same interest? And why?
I would like make friends with different interests. Even though it might be easy for two people with the same interest to be friends, as the saying goes birds of the same feather flock together. By making friends with people of interest interests, we can get a chance to know more, like, we can know more in different fields, if your friend happens to be a car fan, you will broaden your knowledge about different types of cars. Also, your friend can learn something that he is not very familiar to him, it is always a good thing to learn from others and have something to offer at the same time.
7. Some universities have decided to force students who cheat at school to leave the school. What are the advantages and disadvantages? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.
By forcing the students who cheat at school to leave, other students might learn that honesty is the best policy. Indeed, honesty is quite important, cuz nobody wants to deal with a cheater. This will help to prevent further cheating in exam and other kinds of assignments, thus creating a very fair academic environment. However, there are also obvious advantages, students who cheat are not mature enough to tell right from wrong, they just simply made a tiny mistake, and everybody deserves a second chance to be better person, it is quite relentless to deprive their right to be educated, and they might be a very brilliant kid who just made a stupid mistake. In this case, it will a big loss.
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching TV in dormitories? Include reasons and examples to support your response.
TV programs like documentaries can be very informative, and they target different kinds of audience. They cover lots of topics like sports, animal world, history, and even religions. you can really learn a lot about all kinds of stuff. It is very good to watch these shows, however, if someone is indulged in watching meaningless TV programs like different kind of reality shows and even some of the TV sit-coms, it might cast a huge negative impact on their study and work, and this is a is big disadvantage.
9. Computer technology has influenced student’s study in various ways. Give examples to illustrate the advantage that a computer helps in your study.
Well, I cannot agree more that computer has made our study much easier and more efficiently. Actually, when I do research, I can just type in the key words of the topic that I am researching, and then the next moment I know, there are millions of sources showing up on the screen, and I can use whichever I need to. It is so instant and convenient, and most of the sources are free. Additionally, I can use lots of software on the computer to help to study more efficiently, like, recently, I am preparing the TOEFL exam, I can just use a dictionary on the computer to check the unfamiliar words, it's far more effective than using a traditional dictionary.
10. Describe a day that you enjoyed the most or was the most special to you. Include reasons and details to support your response.
I would say the most important day in my life was my college graduation day. I graduated from a prestigious university in the Unites States, but it was challenging for me. Four years before I graduated from college, the first time I set foot on the land of America, I felt so isolated and had tremendous language barriers. However, during my four years in college, I not only improved my English language proficiency, but also kept a high GPA and was on the dean's list every year. But, I know that this day does not come easy, it symbolizes the time and effort I put to get my diploma.
11. Which one of the following factor do you think is most important when it comes to travelling. Low cost, good weather, or various activities?
Well, Personally, I would say the most important factor is the activities that I can do during the trip. I like to go to places where I can appreciate the natural beauty, and get a chance to get away from the city concrete jungles. Actually, I just want to go to beautiful places with great natural scenery, like tropical rainforests, coastal cities, or mountainous ranges. As for the activities, I like water activities, surfing, water skiing, also I like climbing mountains. cuz, doing these stuff I can keep fit, and improve my cardio vascular system, that's why I think activities are the most important.
12. Your friend plans to go to your country to study but has concern about expenditure, what is your advice for your friend?
Well, As the saying goes don't bite off more than you can chew, so when dealing with money, you should never spend more money than you make. So, I guess my friend should try to make ends meet and spend under his or her budget. Also, working part time is also a good way to save up some money. For example, one can choose to be a delivery guy or even wait tables. By delivering food to customers, not only can you get lots of tips from generous customers, you can also get transportation fee paid from them. One can make easily make $ 150-200 a day.
13. Imagine that you have to give up watching TV for one month, would this be difficult for you? Explain why.
Well, personally, I would say it will not be difficult for me to do that. Cuz, honestly, I am not a fun of watching TV, since most of the time, I am pretty busy with my school assignment, like presentations, group projects and research papers, and stuff. Plus, even if I really need some information of current events, like sports, technology, and politics, I can always use my smart phone and with a touch on the screen, the whole world is basically in front of me.
14. Which of the following activities would you do with friends rather than alone? Taking a walk, watching a movie or travelling.
I would say I like to take a walk alone, my primary purpose of taking a walk is to reflect about my study and life, and I want to enjoy this experience alone and keep it to myself. To find a peaceful time and enjoy that without the presence of others can be pretty tough, since we have to deal with lots of people every day, like classmates, friends, colleagues and stuff. Taking a walk is a great chance to get away with our busy schedule, and find inner peace within ourselves. If I took a walk with a friend, I might get distracted, thus there is not point of taking a walk with others.
15. A friend of yours wants to make a big purchase but does not have enough money. What would you suggest your friend do to?
Frankly, there are not lots of part jobs, from which you can make lots of money. However, I think to work in a restaurant part-time is a pretty decent choice. You can choose to be a delivery guy or even wait tables. By delivering food to customers, not only can you get lots of tips from generous customers, you can also get transportation fee paid from them. One can make easily make $ 150-200 a day. Also, you can build up a sense of responsibility from doing this job, on top of that, when the customers smile at you and appreciate your service, you can have a sense of achievement. To be able to make others happy is always a pleasant experience. Based on these reasons, I suggest my friend to work in a restaurant.
16. Which period do you think is the toughest during one's life? childhood, adolescent, or adulthood?
I would say the toughest period during one's life is adulthood. Not like the childhood, we are pursuing our degrees in universities or already doing a job to make a living. In school, we are constantly under lots of pressure, the assignments like problem sets, presentations, research papers are killing us. After graduation, we have to fulfill all kinds of responsibilities as a professional. On the other hand, being a child or an adolescent is much easier, they just have fun and do not have to worry about anything.
17. Which of the following do you think is the most important for maintaining good health? Doing exercises, eating healthy food, or going to bed early?
I would say doing exercise is definitely my choice, going to the gym and doing some exercises is of great fun. Actually, it helps me to keep fit and be athletic and develop my agility and strength at the same time, so I do not look awkward. There are lots of exercises that one can do to keep healthy, like do jogging in the park, work out in the gym, do some aerobics like yoga, and swimming. These activities can enhance your cardiovascular system, and help you to get rid of the poisonous substance in your body, and I do not think eating healthy food and going to bed early are as helpful as doing exercises.
Task 2
1. Some people prefer to give practical gifts while others prefer to give entertaining gifts. Which do you prefer to give and why? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Personally, I prefer to give practical gifts to my friends. Notebook, bookshelf, basketball and stuff are very good choices. For example, a friend can take notes in class with the help of a notebook, they can create a shopping list, and even keep a diary by writing about what happened in their lives, including the things make them happy, sad and angry. Since the notebook is used so often, it can help me to connect more with my friends, and keep our friendship forever. However, they might not care a lot if you give them things like, cartoon figurine, or other kinds of decorative stuff.
2. Nowadays many people find their social network on the Internet. Do you think it is a positive trend?
Well, personally I am a big internet fan, and I think on-line social networks is a very good to socialize with friends and family members, and even get connected with professionals. Actually, it is instant and easy to use, social network like facebook, MSN, and professional social network-Linkedin. With wifi access and a tablet or smart phone, I can connect with people in no time. Additionally, before the invention of on-line social network, we have to call someone through the phone or visit them in person and it is very costly in terms of both money and time, cuz we have to physically be somewhere in order to talk to them face to face, with on-line social network, it makes it possible for you to talk to loved ones more easily.
3. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: it is easier for people today to lead a healthy life than people 100 years ago.
Personally, I would say it is easier for people to lead a healthy life style now than the past, now, with the raising livelihood, more people have access to nutritional food, like sea food, for example, salmon, tuna, shrimp and stuff like that. They are high in protein, low in carbs. Plus, the Food and Drug Administration follow closely on the food safety issues, and it is very costly for relevant companies to have some loopholes in their food production. On top of all these, nowadays, people is much more attentive to their health than ever before, with increased campaign on the both public and private side.
4. When traveling, do you prefer to stay at one place for a long time or spend less time but visit more places? Explain you answer in details.
Personally, I prefer to stay at one place for a long time. As for me, the purpose of traveling around is to experience the local cultures and customs, appreciate the natural beauty there. You might have to take your time and interact with the locals, taking photos, and it is quite impossible for one to achieve that if they just leave the place the time they arrive. Additionally, traveling between places waste lots of precious time, which can be otherwise used to experience and understand one single place. Also, it saves you the trouble to plan a complicated itinerary and you don't have to worry about getting stuck on your way to the next destination.
5. Do you prefer to live alone or live with others.
Personally, I prefer to live alone. Actually, I am very private person, most of the time, I keep things to myself. I would get distracted if I chose to live with others who I might not familiar with. Actually, I am highly efficient when I do things without the disturb of others, like when I study I feel more comfortable when nobody is around me. Plus, someone you are living with might have totally different habits and schedule when it comes to when to study or sleep or even watch TV. It would be really disruptive when one wants to study while the other prefers to watch TV.
6. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: employees should be prohibited to listen to music at work.
Well, personally, I think it's a very bad idea to prohibit music in workplace. Actually, listening to music is a very good way for people to release their negative emotions, like sadness, or sorrow, or even anger. Employees might forget about the pressure in life and thus have a higher efficiency in the workplace. Additionally, music keeps people refreshed and spurs creativity and innovation. So, that is why it is a common practice for high-tech to allow the play of music in their office, just so that they can create a relaxing environment and be more creative, and thus make more breakthroughs in their field.
7. Some people like to participate in activities alone, others like to do that with a team or group. Which way do you prefer and why?
Personally, I would like to participate in activities in a group, I am an extrovert and outgoing person, and I think it is more fun when there are people around me. Plus, I can also learned the importance of cooperation and responsibility when I am with a team, for example in a sport competition, me and my teammate struggle together for a common goal, offer each other motivation along the way, and I feel that I care something bigger than myself during the game, and I think this is very meaningful.
8. Some people prefer to have a very tight schedule, while others prefer to have more free time in their schedule. Which one do you prefer and why?
I would say I prefer a very tight schedule, I am the kind of person who are very motivated under lots of workload, and I am likely to goof off when there is not much to do. Having a tight schedule makes my day productive, like as a student, I enjoy finishing assignments, like problem sets, papers, and even doing group project with fellow classmates. I get a strong sense of achievement when I keep working nonstop. However, if I have lots of free time, I just stay in my apartment, and wasting my time, and that is certainly not the right thing to do.
9. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: University education is more important than it was in the past.
Personally, I do think that higher education is more important than ever before, to begin with, it is impossible for someone to get job without a decent college degree because of the competitive job market. We are not even talking about high-end and high paying jobs like a banker, a lawyer or other professions. A office clerk position now requires a college degree. Additionally, since technology improves so fast that in order not to be replaced by robots or human intelligence, one needs to have higher education much more than ever before, cuz in a university, you can learn advanced knowledge, skill sets in different field.
10. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: it is better to live close to parents than to live far away from them.
Personally, I prefer to live close to my parents for the following reasons. To begin with, I am family person, and I enjoy to spend time with my families. To spending some quality time once in a while is very important to me, and living close to my parents can help to do that more conveniently. Plus, if we live close to each other, we can constantly look out for one another. Like if I got sick or have some kind of emergencies, my parents can attend me in a timely manner. Also, they are getting old, and they need my immediate care, things can be much easier if I live close to them.
11. Some people prefer to live in the present, others prefer to be prepared for the future and plan ahead. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
Personally, I prefer to plan ahead instead of just living in the present. Although I am not particularly worried about the future, I do prefer to prepare for the worst case scenario. For example, I have the habit of saving money for a rainy day, cuz if I don't, I will be screwed up if I got an emergency and am urgent in need of money. Additionally, one can land more opportunities if one can plan ahead for the future. Since sometimes it is impossible for you to achieve sometime in a single day, great achievement can only be made possible by gradual preparation.
12. When going on a vacation, some people prefer to stay in a hotel, while others prefer to camp outside in a tent. Which do you prefer?
Personally, I would choose to camp outside in a tent. The only reason for me to go on a vacation is to get away from the busy streets and concrete jungles, and get a chance to be close to mother nature, by camping outside, I got a chance to appreciate the beautiful starry sky at night, and enjoy the tranquility, I don't have the chance to enjoy that moment when living in the city. Also, camping outside makes it easier for you to do some hiking, like walking on the trail, and do some fishing and BBQ.
13. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: working in groups with people responsibilities is the most effective way to get the work done.
Personally, I couldn't agree more with that. Indeed, the group is likely to finish the work before deadline when working with highly responsible people. Consider this, when you work with unreliable colleagues, you might have no problem to finish your fair share of the work, but it will be impossible for your group to finish a project if your untrustworthy coworker is negligent. However, it will be far better to work with someone who is very liable, since not only can a responsible coworker finish his or her work on time, they can also motivate others, thus, the group as whole tend to finish the work before the deadline.
14. Some people think that robots will very helpful for us in the future, other think robots will never be as smart as human. Which do you agree with?
Admittedly, robots are used in lots of aspects in modern life, like robots have replaced lots of manual labor in factories, and they can also be used to execute hazardous tasks, however, I think they will never be as smart as humans. Scientist can write programs so that they can be very intelligent, they can win a chess game over a very intelligent person, but they will never tell whether someone is happy or depressed, and will not act accordingly. The robots themselves will not be able to display their emotions. Emotional quotient matters a lot when we are judging whether someone is smart or not. Thus, robots will be as smart as human.
15. Do you agree with the following statement: it is important to study the history from ancestors.
I couldn't agree more with that, learning history from ancestors is a great way to learn the mindset, ideas, and attitudes of the past, and this gives us a chance to learn from who we came from and find one's identity. Additionally, we can draw upon the ancient philosophy to make today's world a better place, like ancient Chinese philosophy can gives us some insight on how to live harmoniously with the mother nature and stop polluting the environment, to help the preserve the endangered species, and stuff like that.
16. Do you agree with the following statement: school should ban on all junk food, such as hamburger, soda, and sugar from school property.
Personally, it is really important for the school to encourage healthy eating habits, and junk food like French fries and hamburgers alike should be banned in schools. Too much junk food with high carbs leads to childhood obesity. Additionally, Greasy junk food lacks certain vitamins for the healthy development of the children, and students without sufficient healthy food might suffer from lack of concentration on their study and they get easily distracted, thus school should encourage healthy eating habit.
17. Some people like to do exam review in the morning, while others would like to do that in the evening. Which one do you prefer and why?
I would say I like to review exams in the evening. One of the reasons is that, I find it more quiet in the evening and I can concentrate on my reviewing, however if I did some review during the day, I would easily get distracted, actually, it is kind of noisy during the day, finding a peaceful spot to study is pretty difficult. Also, I feel like I am more energetic during night time, and I am kind of sluggish during the day, so doing some review during the night can be really productive for me.
18. Do you agree or disagree: school should ask their students to evaluate teachers.
Personally, I think that schools should ask their students to evaluate teachers. To begin with, this can give students a stake in the quality of their education, if a teacher fails the expectation of the students, they might get replaced because their poor evaluation from the students., thus they students might get a chance to have a much better teacher. Additionally, this provides the teachers with very good feedback, so they can make some changes accordingly. They can make their lesson plan, course material and even PowerPoint slides much nicer, therefore, students can improve their learning in the class.
19. Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their hometown. Others prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Personally, I prefer to study in a new city. I think it is very boring to stay in your city, where you have been living for almost 20 years, they people you will meet are still those you met during primary school and high school. However, to be able to study in another city, you get a chance to learn their local cultures, appreciate the natural beauty, and above all meet more exciting people, and by interacting with local people and making new friend in that city during college, you can broaden your horizon and enrich you life experience.
1. What can we do to reduce air pollution? Give examples and details in your answer.
There are lots of ways for the city to reduce air pollution. Firstly, they can cut down the usage of cars and other vehicles, thus the car exhaust can be reduced. The decision makers should invest more money to improve public transportation, like adding more bus routes, making public transportation more accessible; develop express local trains and renovating bumpy roads. Secondly, the government should put forward some policies to punish factory who discharge lots of gas emission into the air, for example, they can impose a heavy tax on these factories. Plus, they can subsidize the environment conscious companies that use renewable energies like natural gas, wind power and nuclear power.
2. Which of the following teaching methods do you consider the most effective, a field trip to local places of interest, tutoring sessions that provide individual help or presentations given by local leaders? Please include reasons and examples to support your choice.
I would say the best way learn is to go on a field trip, and actually I still remember my field trip back in primary school. We went to the zoo, not like watching a video, I got a chance to interact with animals under the instruction of the zoo keeper, they were so lovely. What I am trying to say is that students can discovery stuff that doesn't come across in pictures or videos or even in a classroom. Apart from that, learning through exploration is more fun and effective. There are students who got a hard time reading textbooks, however, going on a field trip, they are totally interested in the stuff they are going to see, thus they concentrate better and can learn more.
3. Your community center now offers classes on the weekends for free, which of the following class you will choose to take, give reason to explain your choose. 1) A financial course to help you manage money 2) car maintenance and repair 3)Review of Latin-American music
I would say I like to take a financial course, cuz, it is very important for someone to be financially independent and manage their money efficiently, by going to a financial course one can learn lots of stuff, like
when it is the right time to invest in stocks, or to buy gold as a form of asset, or even understand the overall economic condition of the country. A friend told me that he recently signed up a on line lecture on how to make wise investment in stock market, and he followed the instructions, and it turned out that he made a very good call by buying the stock from a company, which was recommended in the class, and made a big killing in it.
4. Talk about an organization or club you want to join and why.
I would like to join in the swimming club, cuz if I joined the club, I would have a chance to compete with my teammates to represent my university. That would be a great honor to get to do that. In some competitions, I have to work my teammates to win the game, and it gives me a strong sense of belonging and I feel I am needed by the team, my teammate and I would cheer up each other and get inspirations, encouragements from my fellow teammate. On top that, I am a big swimming fan, when I am swimming in the pool, I feel so relaxed and it is a very good way to keep fit.
5. What the some important effects of worldwide availability of internet on modern people's life? Use specific details and examples to support your response.
Well, internet does have a big impact on people's lives, to begin with,it is a very convenient and fun way to buy stuff on-line, with just a click of the button, the next moment you know, your order is delivered right at your door. It is also easy to compare the prices offered by different on-line stores, the only thing you need to remember is that always to shop in a reputable on-line store. Plus, by signing up on a social network like facebook, MSN, and wechat, which is so popular in China, you can get to know more people. By sending text messages to your friends and family members whenever you want to, I think internet has brought people closer than ever, it makes communication so instant.
6. Would you like to make friend with different interest or the one with same interest? And why?
I would like make friends with different interests. Even though it might be easy for two people with the same interest to be friends, as the saying goes birds of the same feather flock together. By making friends with people of interest interests, we can get a chance to know more, like, we can know more in different fields, if your friend happens to be a car fan, you will broaden your knowledge about different types of cars. Also, your friend can learn something that he is not very familiar to him, it is always a good thing to learn from others and have something to offer at the same time.
7. Some universities have decided to force students who cheat at school to leave the school. What are the advantages and disadvantages? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.
By forcing the students who cheat at school to leave, other students might learn that honesty is the best policy. Indeed, honesty is quite important, cuz nobody wants to deal with a cheater. This will help to prevent further cheating in exam and other kinds of assignments, thus creating a very fair academic environment. However, there are also obvious advantages, students who cheat are not mature enough to tell right from wrong, they just simply made a tiny mistake, and everybody deserves a second chance to be better person, it is quite relentless to deprive their right to be educated, and they might be a very brilliant kid who just made a stupid mistake. In this case, it will a big loss.
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching TV in dormitories? Include reasons and examples to support your response.
TV programs like documentaries can be very informative, and they target different kinds of audience. They cover lots of topics like sports, animal world, history, and even religions. you can really learn a lot about all kinds of stuff. It is very good to watch these shows, however, if someone is indulged in watching meaningless TV programs like different kind of reality shows and even some of the TV sit-coms, it might cast a huge negative impact on their study and work, and this is a is big disadvantage.
9. Computer technology has influenced student’s study in various ways. Give examples to illustrate the advantage that a computer helps in your study.
Well, I cannot agree more that computer has made our study much easier and more efficiently. Actually, when I do research, I can just type in the key words of the topic that I am researching, and then the next moment I know, there are millions of sources showing up on the screen, and I can use whichever I need to. It is so instant and convenient, and most of the sources are free. Additionally, I can use lots of software on the computer to help to study more efficiently, like, recently, I am preparing the TOEFL exam, I can just use a dictionary on the computer to check the unfamiliar words, it's far more effective than using a traditional dictionary.
10. Describe a day that you enjoyed the most or was the most special to you. Include reasons and details to support your response.
I would say the most important day in my life was my college graduation day. I graduated from a prestigious university in the Unites States, but it was challenging for me. Four years before I graduated from college, the first time I set foot on the land of America, I felt so isolated and had tremendous language barriers. However, during my four years in college, I not only improved my English language proficiency, but also kept a high GPA and was on the dean's list every year. But, I know that this day does not come easy, it symbolizes the time and effort I put to get my diploma.
11. Which one of the following factor do you think is most important when it comes to travelling. Low cost, good weather, or various activities?
Well, Personally, I would say the most important factor is the activities that I can do during the trip. I like to go to places where I can appreciate the natural beauty, and get a chance to get away from the city concrete jungles. Actually, I just want to go to beautiful places with great natural scenery, like tropical rainforests, coastal cities, or mountainous ranges. As for the activities, I like water activities, surfing, water skiing, also I like climbing mountains. cuz, doing these stuff I can keep fit, and improve my cardio vascular system, that's why I think activities are the most important.
12. Your friend plans to go to your country to study but has concern about expenditure, what is your advice for your friend?
Well, As the saying goes don't bite off more than you can chew, so when dealing with money, you should never spend more money than you make. So, I guess my friend should try to make ends meet and spend under his or her budget. Also, working part time is also a good way to save up some money. For example, one can choose to be a delivery guy or even wait tables. By delivering food to customers, not only can you get lots of tips from generous customers, you can also get transportation fee paid from them. One can make easily make $ 150-200 a day.
13. Imagine that you have to give up watching TV for one month, would this be difficult for you? Explain why.
Well, personally, I would say it will not be difficult for me to do that. Cuz, honestly, I am not a fun of watching TV, since most of the time, I am pretty busy with my school assignment, like presentations, group projects and research papers, and stuff. Plus, even if I really need some information of current events, like sports, technology, and politics, I can always use my smart phone and with a touch on the screen, the whole world is basically in front of me.
14. Which of the following activities would you do with friends rather than alone? Taking a walk, watching a movie or travelling.
I would say I like to take a walk alone, my primary purpose of taking a walk is to reflect about my study and life, and I want to enjoy this experience alone and keep it to myself. To find a peaceful time and enjoy that without the presence of others can be pretty tough, since we have to deal with lots of people every day, like classmates, friends, colleagues and stuff. Taking a walk is a great chance to get away with our busy schedule, and find inner peace within ourselves. If I took a walk with a friend, I might get distracted, thus there is not point of taking a walk with others.
15. A friend of yours wants to make a big purchase but does not have enough money. What would you suggest your friend do to?
Frankly, there are not lots of part jobs, from which you can make lots of money. However, I think to work in a restaurant part-time is a pretty decent choice. You can choose to be a delivery guy or even wait tables. By delivering food to customers, not only can you get lots of tips from generous customers, you can also get transportation fee paid from them. One can make easily make $ 150-200 a day. Also, you can build up a sense of responsibility from doing this job, on top of that, when the customers smile at you and appreciate your service, you can have a sense of achievement. To be able to make others happy is always a pleasant experience. Based on these reasons, I suggest my friend to work in a restaurant.
16. Which period do you think is the toughest during one's life? childhood, adolescent, or adulthood?
I would say the toughest period during one's life is adulthood. Not like the childhood, we are pursuing our degrees in universities or already doing a job to make a living. In school, we are constantly under lots of pressure, the assignments like problem sets, presentations, research papers are killing us. After graduation, we have to fulfill all kinds of responsibilities as a professional. On the other hand, being a child or an adolescent is much easier, they just have fun and do not have to worry about anything.
17. Which of the following do you think is the most important for maintaining good health? Doing exercises, eating healthy food, or going to bed early?
I would say doing exercise is definitely my choice, going to the gym and doing some exercises is of great fun. Actually, it helps me to keep fit and be athletic and develop my agility and strength at the same time, so I do not look awkward. There are lots of exercises that one can do to keep healthy, like do jogging in the park, work out in the gym, do some aerobics like yoga, and swimming. These activities can enhance your cardiovascular system, and help you to get rid of the poisonous substance in your body, and I do not think eating healthy food and going to bed early are as helpful as doing exercises.
Task 2
1. Some people prefer to give practical gifts while others prefer to give entertaining gifts. Which do you prefer to give and why? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Personally, I prefer to give practical gifts to my friends. Notebook, bookshelf, basketball and stuff are very good choices. For example, a friend can take notes in class with the help of a notebook, they can create a shopping list, and even keep a diary by writing about what happened in their lives, including the things make them happy, sad and angry. Since the notebook is used so often, it can help me to connect more with my friends, and keep our friendship forever. However, they might not care a lot if you give them things like, cartoon figurine, or other kinds of decorative stuff.
2. Nowadays many people find their social network on the Internet. Do you think it is a positive trend?
Well, personally I am a big internet fan, and I think on-line social networks is a very good to socialize with friends and family members, and even get connected with professionals. Actually, it is instant and easy to use, social network like facebook, MSN, and professional social network-Linkedin. With wifi access and a tablet or smart phone, I can connect with people in no time. Additionally, before the invention of on-line social network, we have to call someone through the phone or visit them in person and it is very costly in terms of both money and time, cuz we have to physically be somewhere in order to talk to them face to face, with on-line social network, it makes it possible for you to talk to loved ones more easily.
3. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: it is easier for people today to lead a healthy life than people 100 years ago.
Personally, I would say it is easier for people to lead a healthy life style now than the past, now, with the raising livelihood, more people have access to nutritional food, like sea food, for example, salmon, tuna, shrimp and stuff like that. They are high in protein, low in carbs. Plus, the Food and Drug Administration follow closely on the food safety issues, and it is very costly for relevant companies to have some loopholes in their food production. On top of all these, nowadays, people is much more attentive to their health than ever before, with increased campaign on the both public and private side.
4. When traveling, do you prefer to stay at one place for a long time or spend less time but visit more places? Explain you answer in details.
Personally, I prefer to stay at one place for a long time. As for me, the purpose of traveling around is to experience the local cultures and customs, appreciate the natural beauty there. You might have to take your time and interact with the locals, taking photos, and it is quite impossible for one to achieve that if they just leave the place the time they arrive. Additionally, traveling between places waste lots of precious time, which can be otherwise used to experience and understand one single place. Also, it saves you the trouble to plan a complicated itinerary and you don't have to worry about getting stuck on your way to the next destination.
5. Do you prefer to live alone or live with others.
Personally, I prefer to live alone. Actually, I am very private person, most of the time, I keep things to myself. I would get distracted if I chose to live with others who I might not familiar with. Actually, I am highly efficient when I do things without the disturb of others, like when I study I feel more comfortable when nobody is around me. Plus, someone you are living with might have totally different habits and schedule when it comes to when to study or sleep or even watch TV. It would be really disruptive when one wants to study while the other prefers to watch TV.
6. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: employees should be prohibited to listen to music at work.
Well, personally, I think it's a very bad idea to prohibit music in workplace. Actually, listening to music is a very good way for people to release their negative emotions, like sadness, or sorrow, or even anger. Employees might forget about the pressure in life and thus have a higher efficiency in the workplace. Additionally, music keeps people refreshed and spurs creativity and innovation. So, that is why it is a common practice for high-tech to allow the play of music in their office, just so that they can create a relaxing environment and be more creative, and thus make more breakthroughs in their field.
7. Some people like to participate in activities alone, others like to do that with a team or group. Which way do you prefer and why?
Personally, I would like to participate in activities in a group, I am an extrovert and outgoing person, and I think it is more fun when there are people around me. Plus, I can also learned the importance of cooperation and responsibility when I am with a team, for example in a sport competition, me and my teammate struggle together for a common goal, offer each other motivation along the way, and I feel that I care something bigger than myself during the game, and I think this is very meaningful.
8. Some people prefer to have a very tight schedule, while others prefer to have more free time in their schedule. Which one do you prefer and why?
I would say I prefer a very tight schedule, I am the kind of person who are very motivated under lots of workload, and I am likely to goof off when there is not much to do. Having a tight schedule makes my day productive, like as a student, I enjoy finishing assignments, like problem sets, papers, and even doing group project with fellow classmates. I get a strong sense of achievement when I keep working nonstop. However, if I have lots of free time, I just stay in my apartment, and wasting my time, and that is certainly not the right thing to do.
9. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: University education is more important than it was in the past.
Personally, I do think that higher education is more important than ever before, to begin with, it is impossible for someone to get job without a decent college degree because of the competitive job market. We are not even talking about high-end and high paying jobs like a banker, a lawyer or other professions. A office clerk position now requires a college degree. Additionally, since technology improves so fast that in order not to be replaced by robots or human intelligence, one needs to have higher education much more than ever before, cuz in a university, you can learn advanced knowledge, skill sets in different field.
10. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: it is better to live close to parents than to live far away from them.
Personally, I prefer to live close to my parents for the following reasons. To begin with, I am family person, and I enjoy to spend time with my families. To spending some quality time once in a while is very important to me, and living close to my parents can help to do that more conveniently. Plus, if we live close to each other, we can constantly look out for one another. Like if I got sick or have some kind of emergencies, my parents can attend me in a timely manner. Also, they are getting old, and they need my immediate care, things can be much easier if I live close to them.
11. Some people prefer to live in the present, others prefer to be prepared for the future and plan ahead. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
Personally, I prefer to plan ahead instead of just living in the present. Although I am not particularly worried about the future, I do prefer to prepare for the worst case scenario. For example, I have the habit of saving money for a rainy day, cuz if I don't, I will be screwed up if I got an emergency and am urgent in need of money. Additionally, one can land more opportunities if one can plan ahead for the future. Since sometimes it is impossible for you to achieve sometime in a single day, great achievement can only be made possible by gradual preparation.
12. When going on a vacation, some people prefer to stay in a hotel, while others prefer to camp outside in a tent. Which do you prefer?
Personally, I would choose to camp outside in a tent. The only reason for me to go on a vacation is to get away from the busy streets and concrete jungles, and get a chance to be close to mother nature, by camping outside, I got a chance to appreciate the beautiful starry sky at night, and enjoy the tranquility, I don't have the chance to enjoy that moment when living in the city. Also, camping outside makes it easier for you to do some hiking, like walking on the trail, and do some fishing and BBQ.
13. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: working in groups with people responsibilities is the most effective way to get the work done.
Personally, I couldn't agree more with that. Indeed, the group is likely to finish the work before deadline when working with highly responsible people. Consider this, when you work with unreliable colleagues, you might have no problem to finish your fair share of the work, but it will be impossible for your group to finish a project if your untrustworthy coworker is negligent. However, it will be far better to work with someone who is very liable, since not only can a responsible coworker finish his or her work on time, they can also motivate others, thus, the group as whole tend to finish the work before the deadline.
14. Some people think that robots will very helpful for us in the future, other think robots will never be as smart as human. Which do you agree with?
Admittedly, robots are used in lots of aspects in modern life, like robots have replaced lots of manual labor in factories, and they can also be used to execute hazardous tasks, however, I think they will never be as smart as humans. Scientist can write programs so that they can be very intelligent, they can win a chess game over a very intelligent person, but they will never tell whether someone is happy or depressed, and will not act accordingly. The robots themselves will not be able to display their emotions. Emotional quotient matters a lot when we are judging whether someone is smart or not. Thus, robots will be as smart as human.
15. Do you agree with the following statement: it is important to study the history from ancestors.
I couldn't agree more with that, learning history from ancestors is a great way to learn the mindset, ideas, and attitudes of the past, and this gives us a chance to learn from who we came from and find one's identity. Additionally, we can draw upon the ancient philosophy to make today's world a better place, like ancient Chinese philosophy can gives us some insight on how to live harmoniously with the mother nature and stop polluting the environment, to help the preserve the endangered species, and stuff like that.
16. Do you agree with the following statement: school should ban on all junk food, such as hamburger, soda, and sugar from school property.
Personally, it is really important for the school to encourage healthy eating habits, and junk food like French fries and hamburgers alike should be banned in schools. Too much junk food with high carbs leads to childhood obesity. Additionally, Greasy junk food lacks certain vitamins for the healthy development of the children, and students without sufficient healthy food might suffer from lack of concentration on their study and they get easily distracted, thus school should encourage healthy eating habit.
17. Some people like to do exam review in the morning, while others would like to do that in the evening. Which one do you prefer and why?
I would say I like to review exams in the evening. One of the reasons is that, I find it more quiet in the evening and I can concentrate on my reviewing, however if I did some review during the day, I would easily get distracted, actually, it is kind of noisy during the day, finding a peaceful spot to study is pretty difficult. Also, I feel like I am more energetic during night time, and I am kind of sluggish during the day, so doing some review during the night can be really productive for me.
18. Do you agree or disagree: school should ask their students to evaluate teachers.
Personally, I think that schools should ask their students to evaluate teachers. To begin with, this can give students a stake in the quality of their education, if a teacher fails the expectation of the students, they might get replaced because their poor evaluation from the students., thus they students might get a chance to have a much better teacher. Additionally, this provides the teachers with very good feedback, so they can make some changes accordingly. They can make their lesson plan, course material and even PowerPoint slides much nicer, therefore, students can improve their learning in the class.
19. Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their hometown. Others prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Personally, I prefer to study in a new city. I think it is very boring to stay in your city, where you have been living for almost 20 years, they people you will meet are still those you met during primary school and high school. However, to be able to study in another city, you get a chance to learn their local cultures, appreciate the natural beauty, and above all meet more exciting people, and by interacting with local people and making new friend in that city during college, you can broaden your horizon and enrich you life experience.
2015年7月4日托福口語小範圍預測
預測一：
Task 1
University students often feel home sick when they are away from home. how to deal with homesickness?
Task2:
In order to run a successful business, a person needs to be friendly and outgoing
Task3:
文章：學校要來一個節電比賽，看誰用電少，贏者獎勵皮薩派對。對話：女的說這很好啊，
應該節電的。還說應該貼小紙條“隨手關燈”在開關旁邊。男的說：不是每個人都感興趣。女的說：就算他們對節電比賽沒有興趣，也對皮薩派對有興趣，這樣為了贏，他們就會節電了。
Task4:
Behavioral exposure? 差不多這個 讓孩子克服恐懼 例子 教授兒子剛搬到洛杉磯 害怕跟當地孩子交流 一天一群孩子在外面玩 教授讓兒子經過他們的時候 say hi 然後那些孩子很友善的回他 hi 當他倆買冰淇淋回來的時候 誇下那個孩子的自行車 然後他們就交流了 兒子出去跟孩子們玩了。
Task5:
男生本來要和朋友一起去海灘，但是 mary 明天要搬家，所以希望他幫忙
1 找其他人幫忙，但是可能來不及了
2cancel 他的 trip，但是他已經計劃很久了，而且天氣涼了，沒機會了
Task6:
經濟學 Scarcity: 就是說如果你和顧客說這件衣服不剩多少了，再不買就沒有了，他們就會瘋買。或者你和顧客說只在這個周末打五折哦，他們也會瘋買。例子是：服裝店賣夾克衫
預測二：
Task 1：
如果別人去你國家，你推薦什麼食物給他?and why?
Task 2:
有一些學生在遠離家鄉(hometown)的地方上學，他們當中有些人很重視和以前的老朋友的保持聯系(keep in touch), 而有些人則偏向於結交新朋友，你認為和老朋友保持聯系重要還是結交新朋友重要? Why?
Task 3:
閱讀說要在數學樓裡面建一個餐廳，因為學生可以在課間有地方吃飯，而且他們還可以給自己的電腦充電。聽力中，女生同意。首先，學校的食堂離 student center 很遠，如果在數學樓裡建了食堂可以解決這個問題。其次，多數同學哦度會帶電腦上課，數學樓太老化了，沒有地方充電
Task 4:
一個教授說人類行為學的因果關系，拿他 5 歲小囡來說，在後院玩了玩具老是不收進來，他怎麼說怎麼懲罰也沒用，每次都是他幫拿進來，後來教授學壞了，不給小囡拿，當天晚上下雨絨毛玩具完全弄髒了，都是泥巴，小囡非常 sad，以後就記的拿進來了。
Task5:
問題: 學期末，女生在一個很好地飯店訂了星期四的位置讓同學來聚一聚，但是有兩個同學沒有辦法來。
解決: 她又兩個選擇：一、還是在周四，但是不能帶這兩個同學。二、安排在周五，但是周五很多同學要回家或者沒時間，那他們就不能在定好的那個好餐館。
Task6: 【講課要點】：
教授說在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個例子：一個較 D 的魚從嘴裡發出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識，然後乘機逃走;另一種魚是通過身體發光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。
預測三：
task1: 朋友計劃個big purchase 但是錢不夠，怎麼辦?
task2:
你是喜歡用電子郵件還是用電話和朋友家人溝通
task3:
學校發通知(announcement)，因為健身館(gym)的人數減少，決定對 gym 作出兩項調整。 調整 1 增加一些新的設施(equipment)，比如自行車(bicycle) 調整 2 延長 gym 在晚上的開館時間 有一個男生對新的調整很歡迎，他以前經常去，後來不去 gym 了，原因是因為很多人排隊等鍛煉的設施，等待的時間太長，不值得去(not worth going)，現在增加設施就好多了。 還有很多學生白天都忙著上課(having classes)和做家庭作業(homework),他們只有晚上完成作業才能去 gym，現在延長晚上的時間很好。
task4:
latent demand 意思是公司應該更好去 identify 他們的顧客，這樣能更好滿足他們的需求。例子：人們一開始用 large stereo 聽歌，後來有了 small 的 steroe 以後他們就可以帶出去在戶外聽歌。然後公司就用了 latent demand，發現人們更喜歡帶出去聽歌，而且不希望別人能聽到。所以他們研發了 small stereo 而且還有耳機，獲得了巨大成功。
task5:
【學生困難】：
女學生要做數學作業，但是過周末的時候把 textbook 忘在家廚房了，作業明天要交。
【解決方案】：
1、晚上向她室友借 text book，但室友也選了這門課，而且正在做，所以她只能等幾個小時再借，所以她勢必要熬夜。但她昨晚又沒睡好,今晚要早點休息明天考試;2、明早開車回家拿回自己的書，這樣萬一遲到教授也可以理解(但被女生否決，因為教授對 deadline 很嚴格，說新學期開始不可以晚交作業)。
task6:
主題是 hatching communication。第一個例子是鴨子。鴨子在破殼之前會互相 send signal 用以保證同時破殼。因為後破殼的，可能被母親遺忘而難以生存。 第二個例子是鱷魚。小鱷魚會在蛋裡喊媽媽，幫它們清理蛋上的 mud，從而使它們順利破殼。
預測四：
task 1 : Your friend has a bad eating habit. What suggestions would you like to give the friend?
task2, Some people argue people born with natural abilities are more likely to succeed。Other people believe success can be achieved through hard work. What’s your opinion?
task3 : 宿舍的休息室應該改為書房。因為學生經常去那學習，而且改了之後可以放電腦。男生同意，1 因為休息室總是有人看電視很吵，寢室內有人打電話或者聽音樂也很吵;2 電腦可以讓學生更方便，因為沒有電腦的人要去圖書館，圖書館有時候不能用到很晚
task4: 機會主義者：植物界有這樣一種人，當一塊地方的植物被不知道什麼原因消滅的時候，這種機會主義植物就會趕緊占領這片地方。但是當人家本來的植物長回來的時候，這個機會主義植物又競爭不過人家，只好慢慢消失，教授的例子是：牛吃草。
task5: 男生的鍵盤被雨水泡了，下周樂隊演出，沒得用。方法一，買舊的，音質不好，方法二，用旅游的錢買新的，但是和朋友說好去旅游，不想失信。The man’s electrical keyboard was destroyed in a storm but he needed it for a concert performance next week. He could either buy a used keyboard which doesn’t cost much or he could buy a new one using the money has been saving for his summer trip.
task 6:討論沙漠(desert)中的植物如何在強風中生存(survive); 表面長滿刺，減少對風的阻力，或者快速生長，防止風吹沙子把自己埋住。 舉了兩個例子，1.叫 cacua 的植物，會長出很多 hair，這些 hair 能夠幫助它們牢牢的抓住地面(grip the ground), 並且保持濕潤。2.叫 heion 的植物，它可以快速生長，防止自己被埋在沙子裡面。
預測五：
Task 1 : what do you think we should do to decrease the usage of car or other vehicle and solve the traffic problems?
Task 2: Some students prefer to work on their course paper one or two days before the due date. Others like to work on the paper bit by bit every day. Which do you prefer and why?
Task 3
【個人倡議】有個學生寫了封信，認為學校應該將課間時間由 10 分鐘延長為 20 分鐘。【理由】：1、有時上課的地方離得遠，學生無法在十分鐘內趕到教室;2、學生沒時間在課間休息時問 professor 問題。男生 disagrees。
【理由】1、實際上很多課上課的地方離得並不遠，10 分鐘內完全能趕到;如果真的遠，教授可能提前下課。而且即使真遲到了，professor 也能理解;2、課間教授問題是一個比較private 事情，好像對於大多數學生比較 unfair，所以完全可以在課下通過 Email 交流，因為 professor 有 regular office hour，可以在那時候去問。
Task 4
Reading: niche construction
Listening: 森林某種螞蟻只棲息在一種樹上，在那兒築巢，吃那種樹的葉子。有其他的樹或植物在附近生長的話，螞蟻就回去防毒，殺死它們。這樣就只有它們賴以生存的樹可以很好生長，獲得更多資源，進而枝繁葉茂，螞蟻的領地也不斷擴大。
Task 5
【學生困難】：女生著急回宿舍寫 a sociology paper，但她把自己的鑰匙忘在了宿舍 is locked out of room because her key is inside the room。
【解決方案】：女生自己說出兩個解決方案：方案 1、她可以到圖書館 library to read some material for her research。但是，她發現 most of her relevant stuff are in the dormitory。方案 2、可以找她的 roommate and get key from her roommate。但 she is afraid to interrupt her roommate due to her roommate is in the process of rehearsal。
【問題】：認為哪個方案好，並描述兩個方案。
Task 6
sociology，一個女教授說不同種群的人會用自己創造的語音來進行對話。舉了兩個例子;一個是醫生們用自己有的專業知識來進行交流，但對病人就要詳細說明;一個是一群 share experience 的人，有過共同經歷，只要 mention 事情的 keyword 就能引起共鳴。summarize 一下就可以了。
預測六：
Task1: Among action, romantic, science movies, which do you dislike most? Explain why.
Task2: Some people plan every detail of their vacation in advance. Others prefer to leave most details flexible or open to chance. Which do you think is better and why?
Task3: 閱讀：學校要求大學生都要選一門藝術課(music，theater 等)，但學生寫信覺得不應該強制，因為有些學生在校外自己已經學了藝術課了，例如寫信的學生他自己就在校外學了violin; 而且學生可以提交 sample of their work 來證明自己學過。
聽力：學生不同意信裡的學生的意見，覺得學生有必要強制學習一門藝術課。理由(1)就算你在校外已經學過一門藝術課，也可以學別的 art course，比如學 music 的可以學photograph，這樣可以 explore different areas;理由(2)professors 都很忙的，沒時間看那麼所有學生 submit 的 sample。
Task4 :
【名詞解釋】：刺激區辨(stimulus discrimination)。
有一些動物會通過 sound, movement 等等來作為 stimulus,另外的動物會接受這些信息，但是有很多動物都要傳遞信息，他們怎麼分辨是自己人在發出信息。動物們依靠聽辨不同的聲音，來判斷危險和安全。
【教授舉例】lecture 裡，教授以海豹的主要 predator 即海獺為例，說並不是所有的海獺都吃海豹。只有一個物種吃海豹，其他的對海豹無害。 而這種吃海豹的海獺發出的 sound 是單一的，over and over again. 而其他的發出的則 more complex，like music。 所以海豹可以通過區別這個聲音來判斷是不是它們的 predator。如果是的話就趕快 run away，如果不是就不會 escape，因為會消耗能量。
Task5: 女生請朋友吃飯，但是有兩個朋友來不了了。1、不改時間，但是有人來不了;2 改到周五，但是周末准備回家人很多，而且可能不能在這個比較好的餐廳吃飯了
Task6 :
講座：講 infant 跟哪種 care givers 關系好 一種學說說，對於 infant 來說，誰給吃的，跟誰關系好，但是事實並不是這樣。教授做了個實驗.兩個一樣的 monkey infants。給每一個 monkey 兩 care givers：一個是給 infant特別舒服的環境，如有軟軟的毯子的。一個就是不給 infant 蓋的東西。兩個 infant 分別是兩種不同的 care giver 給吃的東西。然後 infant 有種行為是喜歡誰就向著誰爬，結果發現，不管是哪種 care giver 給 infant 吃的東西，infant 都爬向那個給舒服環境、給毯子蓋的 giver。問題是總結教授的講座。
預測七：
Task1:數學,畫畫,科學這三個學科你會選哪一個來學?
Task2: Which do you think is more important quality for someone to have in order to be successful, taking risks or making safe decisions?
Task3: The school is planning to build a snack center in the school’s new science building because the existing snack center is far away from the building. In the conversation, however, the man disagrees with this plan, and he gives two reasons.
Task4 : Stimulus discrimination：動物能夠區分類似的 stimulus 的能力; 例子說 seal 海豹聽聲音來決定 keep on eating 還是 leave，predator 和 harmless 的情況聲音不同。 Predator 叫聲單一，聲調高; harmless 動物叫聲復雜，幾個音調摻雜在一起。
Task5: 問題： 男生需要在寒假幫歷史教授寫新書 不能回家。但他同時是籃球隊員，需要每天去 gym 鍛煉。 不過學校的 gym 冬天不開門解決方法：1. 去 town 裡面的 gym。有 one-month-membership 剛好可以 cover 整個寒假。 裡面有他需要的所有器材。但是 75一個月太貴了 2. 去戶外跑步。 但是會很冷。
Task6 : 講蟲子是怎麼在水裡游得，就是說很多種腿的類型，2 個例子一個是大 bug 說它腿很粗壯，能在水裡推很多水，然後就能游得更快更容易。第二個是說有種蟲子退很長能通過把四肢分散出去把重力分攤在水上就能在水上走了。
預測八：
Task1: What are some important effects of the worldwide availability of Internet on modern people’s life? Use specific details and examples to support your response.
Task2: 你喜歡一個經常出差的工作還是總在一個地方的工作。
Task3: 學校貼出告示說要征集環保小代表，因為覺得校園裡面不環保的事情太多了，但是征兆範圍僅限於環境科學相關專業的學生。 然後一個 2B 男生很拽的說：1，我不同意學校認為學生環保意識不足，因為你看我每次都注意再出門關燈等。2，為啥只招收相關專業的?我不是相關專業但我很有環保意識，況且還能有培訓機會。
task4: 說學習興趣，給了一個定義，就是教學的時候要把書本材料和學生現有興趣聯系起來，教授聚了一個他老婆的例子講居裡夫人，一開始學生們都不能集中精力，後來他老婆找到一個關於居裡夫人的電影，說了一些他的發明和故事，很多對電影感興趣的同學也就開始對居裡夫人感興趣，注意力很容易就集中了。
Task5: 一男遇到個難題，想去參加招聘會，因為畢業找工作對他來說非常重要。但是又碰巧是在飯店的打工時間。女同學給了兩個方法：一是跟其他的 co-worker 調下時間，去招聘會，男說。老板已經很好了，沒有安排他上課的時間工作，不好意思再換了。二是工作之前去招聘會，有些公司的老板還是會提前去招聘會的，到時候可以和那些老板談一下。男的說，這個主意不錯，但是如果好的公司在他走了以後才來怎麼辦?問題是總結男生的問題和女生的建議以及個人的觀點。
Task6 : 對於 Marketing 廣告，投資一般很大，小企業中麼辦捏?兩個方法：1，聚焦客戶群：比如社區修電腦的僅在當地的社區報紙的科技版面登載廣告;2，與大品牌聯合營銷 Joint Marketing：比如還是修電腦的可以將廣告放在社區最大電腦銷售商店的 Leaflet 上面一起推銷。///////或者另一個版本////古人類取火有賴於。1)技術，懂了加木頭能維持火。2)社交功能，大家輪著加，發展了社交功能
預測九：
Task1：
A school is planning to organize its students to visit the workplace. Which place do you recommend the students to visit? A science lab, a business office or a TV studio. Please explain with examples and details.
Task2: Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their hometown. Others prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Task3：
學校提出兩種讓更難多學生購買報紙的方式：1 降價;2 送貨上門。女生聽力反對，現在是50 美分已經很便宜了，在降價也不會有多大效果;2 送貨上門需要大量人力物力，學校沒有那麼多人手和車輛。
Task4:
The reading passage defines a term called tactile camouflage.It refers to a kind of camouflage that sea animals use to avoid being detected and being preyed on by their predators.
Task5:
學生困難：女生所在的 RADIO CLUB 要招新，負責招聘的同學病了，不能去明天的 CLUB AFFAIR 了 解決方案：女生自己說出兩個方案。 方案 1、自己去，但是有 group meeting。 方案 2、她室友願意幫她，但是她室友不是 RADIO club member
Task6:
教授說在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個例子：一個較 D 的魚從嘴裡發出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識，然後乘機逃走;另一種魚是通過身體發光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。
預測十：
Task1: 三選一，可以學一樣 art，選哪樣?wood sculpture;painting;攝影。
task2: Some people argue people born with natural abilities are more likely to succeed。Other people believe success can be achieved through hard work. What’s your opinion?
task3:
學校出校報，女學生覺得價格很合理，只要 50 美分就可以知道校園內的動向，但是擔心校報規模不大，無法及時送到，特別是偏遠校區，建議買個小車車和擴大規模。
task4:
閱讀：講了生態學中的 cyclic population change，說在一個生態系統(ecosystem)中，生物之間的數量(population)是互相影響的，捕食者(predator)和被捕食者(prey )的數量有一個均衡點。 聽力：教授舉了一個例子來說明。講一種 mice 和它的 predator(可能是某種 wolf)之間
互相影響。分三個階段： (1)prey (mice)多，predator 食物充足，population 增加; (2)prey 少了，predator 食物減少了，population 減少; (3)predator 少了，prey 又開始多起來了，如此迴圈，population 平衡。教授說實際上第三階段就是第一階段，因為是 cyclic，不斷重複這三個階段。
task5:
因為老的 route 正在被修，所以男生要選一個新的 route，但是新的 route 很遠而且比較堵車，他因為這個已經遲到好幾次 history 課了。1早點起，好處是可以准時趕到，不好是他晚上有工作到很晚，早上起不來;2下學期在上這個可，因為剛剛開始兩周，所以可以調整。
task6:
心理學中的 reinforcement，分為 positive reinforcement 和 negative reinforcement 兩種，即增加能夠激發個人興趣的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。教授具體舉了兩個能實現早起上班的例子。 (1)positive(add the pleasure)：早起獎勵自己好的 food，這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種 behavior。 (2)negative(remove the unpleasant behavior)，不喜歡早上 shower，那麼可以改在晚上，這樣人也就不會那麼討厭早起了。
Task 1
University students often feel home sick when they are away from home. how to deal with homesickness?
Task2:
In order to run a successful business, a person needs to be friendly and outgoing
Task3:
文章：學校要來一個節電比賽，看誰用電少，贏者獎勵皮薩派對。對話：女的說這很好啊，
應該節電的。還說應該貼小紙條“隨手關燈”在開關旁邊。男的說：不是每個人都感興趣。女的說：就算他們對節電比賽沒有興趣，也對皮薩派對有興趣，這樣為了贏，他們就會節電了。
Task4:
Behavioral exposure? 差不多這個 讓孩子克服恐懼 例子 教授兒子剛搬到洛杉磯 害怕跟當地孩子交流 一天一群孩子在外面玩 教授讓兒子經過他們的時候 say hi 然後那些孩子很友善的回他 hi 當他倆買冰淇淋回來的時候 誇下那個孩子的自行車 然後他們就交流了 兒子出去跟孩子們玩了。
Task5:
男生本來要和朋友一起去海灘，但是 mary 明天要搬家，所以希望他幫忙
1 找其他人幫忙，但是可能來不及了
2cancel 他的 trip，但是他已經計劃很久了，而且天氣涼了，沒機會了
Task6:
經濟學 Scarcity: 就是說如果你和顧客說這件衣服不剩多少了，再不買就沒有了，他們就會瘋買。或者你和顧客說只在這個周末打五折哦，他們也會瘋買。例子是：服裝店賣夾克衫
預測二：
Task 1：
如果別人去你國家，你推薦什麼食物給他?and why?
Task 2:
有一些學生在遠離家鄉(hometown)的地方上學，他們當中有些人很重視和以前的老朋友的保持聯系(keep in touch), 而有些人則偏向於結交新朋友，你認為和老朋友保持聯系重要還是結交新朋友重要? Why?
Task 3:
閱讀說要在數學樓裡面建一個餐廳，因為學生可以在課間有地方吃飯，而且他們還可以給自己的電腦充電。聽力中，女生同意。首先，學校的食堂離 student center 很遠，如果在數學樓裡建了食堂可以解決這個問題。其次，多數同學哦度會帶電腦上課，數學樓太老化了，沒有地方充電
Task 4:
一個教授說人類行為學的因果關系，拿他 5 歲小囡來說，在後院玩了玩具老是不收進來，他怎麼說怎麼懲罰也沒用，每次都是他幫拿進來，後來教授學壞了，不給小囡拿，當天晚上下雨絨毛玩具完全弄髒了，都是泥巴，小囡非常 sad，以後就記的拿進來了。
Task5:
問題: 學期末，女生在一個很好地飯店訂了星期四的位置讓同學來聚一聚，但是有兩個同學沒有辦法來。
解決: 她又兩個選擇：一、還是在周四，但是不能帶這兩個同學。二、安排在周五，但是周五很多同學要回家或者沒時間，那他們就不能在定好的那個好餐館。
Task6: 【講課要點】：
教授說在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個例子：一個較 D 的魚從嘴裡發出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識，然後乘機逃走;另一種魚是通過身體發光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。
預測三：
task1: 朋友計劃個big purchase 但是錢不夠，怎麼辦?
task2:
你是喜歡用電子郵件還是用電話和朋友家人溝通
task3:
學校發通知(announcement)，因為健身館(gym)的人數減少，決定對 gym 作出兩項調整。 調整 1 增加一些新的設施(equipment)，比如自行車(bicycle) 調整 2 延長 gym 在晚上的開館時間 有一個男生對新的調整很歡迎，他以前經常去，後來不去 gym 了，原因是因為很多人排隊等鍛煉的設施，等待的時間太長，不值得去(not worth going)，現在增加設施就好多了。 還有很多學生白天都忙著上課(having classes)和做家庭作業(homework),他們只有晚上完成作業才能去 gym，現在延長晚上的時間很好。
task4:
latent demand 意思是公司應該更好去 identify 他們的顧客，這樣能更好滿足他們的需求。例子：人們一開始用 large stereo 聽歌，後來有了 small 的 steroe 以後他們就可以帶出去在戶外聽歌。然後公司就用了 latent demand，發現人們更喜歡帶出去聽歌，而且不希望別人能聽到。所以他們研發了 small stereo 而且還有耳機，獲得了巨大成功。
task5:
【學生困難】：
女學生要做數學作業，但是過周末的時候把 textbook 忘在家廚房了，作業明天要交。
【解決方案】：
1、晚上向她室友借 text book，但室友也選了這門課，而且正在做，所以她只能等幾個小時再借，所以她勢必要熬夜。但她昨晚又沒睡好,今晚要早點休息明天考試;2、明早開車回家拿回自己的書，這樣萬一遲到教授也可以理解(但被女生否決，因為教授對 deadline 很嚴格，說新學期開始不可以晚交作業)。
task6:
主題是 hatching communication。第一個例子是鴨子。鴨子在破殼之前會互相 send signal 用以保證同時破殼。因為後破殼的，可能被母親遺忘而難以生存。 第二個例子是鱷魚。小鱷魚會在蛋裡喊媽媽，幫它們清理蛋上的 mud，從而使它們順利破殼。
預測四：
task 1 : Your friend has a bad eating habit. What suggestions would you like to give the friend?
task2, Some people argue people born with natural abilities are more likely to succeed。Other people believe success can be achieved through hard work. What’s your opinion?
task3 : 宿舍的休息室應該改為書房。因為學生經常去那學習，而且改了之後可以放電腦。男生同意，1 因為休息室總是有人看電視很吵，寢室內有人打電話或者聽音樂也很吵;2 電腦可以讓學生更方便，因為沒有電腦的人要去圖書館，圖書館有時候不能用到很晚
task4: 機會主義者：植物界有這樣一種人，當一塊地方的植物被不知道什麼原因消滅的時候，這種機會主義植物就會趕緊占領這片地方。但是當人家本來的植物長回來的時候，這個機會主義植物又競爭不過人家，只好慢慢消失，教授的例子是：牛吃草。
task5: 男生的鍵盤被雨水泡了，下周樂隊演出，沒得用。方法一，買舊的，音質不好，方法二，用旅游的錢買新的，但是和朋友說好去旅游，不想失信。The man’s electrical keyboard was destroyed in a storm but he needed it for a concert performance next week. He could either buy a used keyboard which doesn’t cost much or he could buy a new one using the money has been saving for his summer trip.
task 6:討論沙漠(desert)中的植物如何在強風中生存(survive); 表面長滿刺，減少對風的阻力，或者快速生長，防止風吹沙子把自己埋住。 舉了兩個例子，1.叫 cacua 的植物，會長出很多 hair，這些 hair 能夠幫助它們牢牢的抓住地面(grip the ground), 並且保持濕潤。2.叫 heion 的植物，它可以快速生長，防止自己被埋在沙子裡面。
預測五：
Task 1 : what do you think we should do to decrease the usage of car or other vehicle and solve the traffic problems?
Task 2: Some students prefer to work on their course paper one or two days before the due date. Others like to work on the paper bit by bit every day. Which do you prefer and why?
Task 3
【個人倡議】有個學生寫了封信，認為學校應該將課間時間由 10 分鐘延長為 20 分鐘。【理由】：1、有時上課的地方離得遠，學生無法在十分鐘內趕到教室;2、學生沒時間在課間休息時問 professor 問題。男生 disagrees。
【理由】1、實際上很多課上課的地方離得並不遠，10 分鐘內完全能趕到;如果真的遠，教授可能提前下課。而且即使真遲到了，professor 也能理解;2、課間教授問題是一個比較private 事情，好像對於大多數學生比較 unfair，所以完全可以在課下通過 Email 交流，因為 professor 有 regular office hour，可以在那時候去問。
Task 4
Reading: niche construction
Listening: 森林某種螞蟻只棲息在一種樹上，在那兒築巢，吃那種樹的葉子。有其他的樹或植物在附近生長的話，螞蟻就回去防毒，殺死它們。這樣就只有它們賴以生存的樹可以很好生長，獲得更多資源，進而枝繁葉茂，螞蟻的領地也不斷擴大。
Task 5
【學生困難】：女生著急回宿舍寫 a sociology paper，但她把自己的鑰匙忘在了宿舍 is locked out of room because her key is inside the room。
【解決方案】：女生自己說出兩個解決方案：方案 1、她可以到圖書館 library to read some material for her research。但是，她發現 most of her relevant stuff are in the dormitory。方案 2、可以找她的 roommate and get key from her roommate。但 she is afraid to interrupt her roommate due to her roommate is in the process of rehearsal。
【問題】：認為哪個方案好，並描述兩個方案。
Task 6
sociology，一個女教授說不同種群的人會用自己創造的語音來進行對話。舉了兩個例子;一個是醫生們用自己有的專業知識來進行交流，但對病人就要詳細說明;一個是一群 share experience 的人，有過共同經歷，只要 mention 事情的 keyword 就能引起共鳴。summarize 一下就可以了。
預測六：
Task1: Among action, romantic, science movies, which do you dislike most? Explain why.
Task2: Some people plan every detail of their vacation in advance. Others prefer to leave most details flexible or open to chance. Which do you think is better and why?
Task3: 閱讀：學校要求大學生都要選一門藝術課(music，theater 等)，但學生寫信覺得不應該強制，因為有些學生在校外自己已經學了藝術課了，例如寫信的學生他自己就在校外學了violin; 而且學生可以提交 sample of their work 來證明自己學過。
聽力：學生不同意信裡的學生的意見，覺得學生有必要強制學習一門藝術課。理由(1)就算你在校外已經學過一門藝術課，也可以學別的 art course，比如學 music 的可以學photograph，這樣可以 explore different areas;理由(2)professors 都很忙的，沒時間看那麼所有學生 submit 的 sample。
Task4 :
【名詞解釋】：刺激區辨(stimulus discrimination)。
有一些動物會通過 sound, movement 等等來作為 stimulus,另外的動物會接受這些信息，但是有很多動物都要傳遞信息，他們怎麼分辨是自己人在發出信息。動物們依靠聽辨不同的聲音，來判斷危險和安全。
【教授舉例】lecture 裡，教授以海豹的主要 predator 即海獺為例，說並不是所有的海獺都吃海豹。只有一個物種吃海豹，其他的對海豹無害。 而這種吃海豹的海獺發出的 sound 是單一的，over and over again. 而其他的發出的則 more complex，like music。 所以海豹可以通過區別這個聲音來判斷是不是它們的 predator。如果是的話就趕快 run away，如果不是就不會 escape，因為會消耗能量。
Task5: 女生請朋友吃飯，但是有兩個朋友來不了了。1、不改時間，但是有人來不了;2 改到周五，但是周末准備回家人很多，而且可能不能在這個比較好的餐廳吃飯了
Task6 :
講座：講 infant 跟哪種 care givers 關系好 一種學說說，對於 infant 來說，誰給吃的，跟誰關系好，但是事實並不是這樣。教授做了個實驗.兩個一樣的 monkey infants。給每一個 monkey 兩 care givers：一個是給 infant特別舒服的環境，如有軟軟的毯子的。一個就是不給 infant 蓋的東西。兩個 infant 分別是兩種不同的 care giver 給吃的東西。然後 infant 有種行為是喜歡誰就向著誰爬，結果發現，不管是哪種 care giver 給 infant 吃的東西，infant 都爬向那個給舒服環境、給毯子蓋的 giver。問題是總結教授的講座。
預測七：
Task1:數學,畫畫,科學這三個學科你會選哪一個來學?
Task2: Which do you think is more important quality for someone to have in order to be successful, taking risks or making safe decisions?
Task3: The school is planning to build a snack center in the school’s new science building because the existing snack center is far away from the building. In the conversation, however, the man disagrees with this plan, and he gives two reasons.
Task4 : Stimulus discrimination：動物能夠區分類似的 stimulus 的能力; 例子說 seal 海豹聽聲音來決定 keep on eating 還是 leave，predator 和 harmless 的情況聲音不同。 Predator 叫聲單一，聲調高; harmless 動物叫聲復雜，幾個音調摻雜在一起。
Task5: 問題： 男生需要在寒假幫歷史教授寫新書 不能回家。但他同時是籃球隊員，需要每天去 gym 鍛煉。 不過學校的 gym 冬天不開門解決方法：1. 去 town 裡面的 gym。有 one-month-membership 剛好可以 cover 整個寒假。 裡面有他需要的所有器材。但是 75一個月太貴了 2. 去戶外跑步。 但是會很冷。
Task6 : 講蟲子是怎麼在水裡游得，就是說很多種腿的類型，2 個例子一個是大 bug 說它腿很粗壯，能在水裡推很多水，然後就能游得更快更容易。第二個是說有種蟲子退很長能通過把四肢分散出去把重力分攤在水上就能在水上走了。
預測八：
Task1: What are some important effects of the worldwide availability of Internet on modern people’s life? Use specific details and examples to support your response.
Task2: 你喜歡一個經常出差的工作還是總在一個地方的工作。
Task3: 學校貼出告示說要征集環保小代表，因為覺得校園裡面不環保的事情太多了，但是征兆範圍僅限於環境科學相關專業的學生。 然後一個 2B 男生很拽的說：1，我不同意學校認為學生環保意識不足，因為你看我每次都注意再出門關燈等。2，為啥只招收相關專業的?我不是相關專業但我很有環保意識，況且還能有培訓機會。
task4: 說學習興趣，給了一個定義，就是教學的時候要把書本材料和學生現有興趣聯系起來，教授聚了一個他老婆的例子講居裡夫人，一開始學生們都不能集中精力，後來他老婆找到一個關於居裡夫人的電影，說了一些他的發明和故事，很多對電影感興趣的同學也就開始對居裡夫人感興趣，注意力很容易就集中了。
Task5: 一男遇到個難題，想去參加招聘會，因為畢業找工作對他來說非常重要。但是又碰巧是在飯店的打工時間。女同學給了兩個方法：一是跟其他的 co-worker 調下時間，去招聘會，男說。老板已經很好了，沒有安排他上課的時間工作，不好意思再換了。二是工作之前去招聘會，有些公司的老板還是會提前去招聘會的，到時候可以和那些老板談一下。男的說，這個主意不錯，但是如果好的公司在他走了以後才來怎麼辦?問題是總結男生的問題和女生的建議以及個人的觀點。
Task6 : 對於 Marketing 廣告，投資一般很大，小企業中麼辦捏?兩個方法：1，聚焦客戶群：比如社區修電腦的僅在當地的社區報紙的科技版面登載廣告;2，與大品牌聯合營銷 Joint Marketing：比如還是修電腦的可以將廣告放在社區最大電腦銷售商店的 Leaflet 上面一起推銷。///////或者另一個版本////古人類取火有賴於。1)技術，懂了加木頭能維持火。2)社交功能，大家輪著加，發展了社交功能
預測九：
Task1：
A school is planning to organize its students to visit the workplace. Which place do you recommend the students to visit? A science lab, a business office or a TV studio. Please explain with examples and details.
Task2: Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their hometown. Others prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Task3：
學校提出兩種讓更難多學生購買報紙的方式：1 降價;2 送貨上門。女生聽力反對，現在是50 美分已經很便宜了，在降價也不會有多大效果;2 送貨上門需要大量人力物力，學校沒有那麼多人手和車輛。
Task4:
The reading passage defines a term called tactile camouflage.It refers to a kind of camouflage that sea animals use to avoid being detected and being preyed on by their predators.
Task5:
學生困難：女生所在的 RADIO CLUB 要招新，負責招聘的同學病了，不能去明天的 CLUB AFFAIR 了 解決方案：女生自己說出兩個方案。 方案 1、自己去，但是有 group meeting。 方案 2、她室友願意幫她，但是她室友不是 RADIO club member
Task6:
教授說在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個例子：一個較 D 的魚從嘴裡發出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識，然後乘機逃走;另一種魚是通過身體發光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。
預測十：
Task1: 三選一，可以學一樣 art，選哪樣?wood sculpture;painting;攝影。
task2: Some people argue people born with natural abilities are more likely to succeed。Other people believe success can be achieved through hard work. What’s your opinion?
task3:
學校出校報，女學生覺得價格很合理，只要 50 美分就可以知道校園內的動向，但是擔心校報規模不大，無法及時送到，特別是偏遠校區，建議買個小車車和擴大規模。
task4:
閱讀：講了生態學中的 cyclic population change，說在一個生態系統(ecosystem)中，生物之間的數量(population)是互相影響的，捕食者(predator)和被捕食者(prey )的數量有一個均衡點。 聽力：教授舉了一個例子來說明。講一種 mice 和它的 predator(可能是某種 wolf)之間
互相影響。分三個階段： (1)prey (mice)多，predator 食物充足，population 增加; (2)prey 少了，predator 食物減少了，population 減少; (3)predator 少了，prey 又開始多起來了，如此迴圈，population 平衡。教授說實際上第三階段就是第一階段，因為是 cyclic，不斷重複這三個階段。
task5:
因為老的 route 正在被修，所以男生要選一個新的 route，但是新的 route 很遠而且比較堵車，他因為這個已經遲到好幾次 history 課了。1早點起，好處是可以准時趕到，不好是他晚上有工作到很晚，早上起不來;2下學期在上這個可，因為剛剛開始兩周，所以可以調整。
task6:
心理學中的 reinforcement，分為 positive reinforcement 和 negative reinforcement 兩種，即增加能夠激發個人興趣的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。教授具體舉了兩個能實現早起上班的例子。 (1)positive(add the pleasure)：早起獎勵自己好的 food，這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種 behavior。 (2)negative(remove the unpleasant behavior)，不喜歡早上 shower，那麼可以改在晚上，這樣人也就不會那麼討厭早起了。
2015年7月4日托福寫作預測及分析
1. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? The most important things people learn are from their families.
【波波老師點睛】
題目大意：題目中含有絕對詞“most”，理論上不同意更好寫。筆者建議先讓步，再轉折。
具體思路如下：
讓步：確實，從家人可以學到一些重要的東西，比如說一些重要的品質和良好的生活習慣。
Admittedly, we can learn many important things from our families, like some good qualities and habits.(+具體事例：從家庭可以學到誠實這一品質和良好的衛生習慣，而這些品質和習慣可以在工作、生活上幫助到我們)
轉折：但是，從學校也可以學到很多對人們很重要的知識，比如說基礎知識和專業知識。
However, we can also learn lots of important knowledge from schools, like basic and professional knowledge.(+具體事例：從學校可以學會算數，這可以讓我們針對每日的收支進行記錄;也可以從學校學會外語，這可以讓我們和老外交朋友，也可以了解國外文化，以及當外語老師謀生)
結尾段：綜上所述，不同意題目。實際上，在學校學的東西比在家裡學的東西更重要，因為在學校學的都是實用的能力和技能，這些東西有助於我們發展事業和養家。
Judging from the above evidence offered, I can hardly agree that the most important things people learn are from their families. In fact, I believe that what we acquire from schools is more important than that from families, in that school education can provide us with more practical abilities and skills. And all these important things play a crucial role in our careers which help to support our families.
2. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? Political leaders have greater influenceon the society than artists.
【波波老師點睛】
讀過此題之後，會發現這是一道A > B的題目，針對這種題目，筆者建議使用：先部分同意，在轉折，最後遞進的結構來進行寫作。結合題目來說就是，先說 “社會能從藝術家的作品中獲益，因為藝術作品可以讓人們放松，提高全民的審美和修養”，然後再說“社會能夠受益於政治領導人，因為他們的決策會可以為人們營造健康的生存環境，提高人們的生活質量，”最後遞進“到底藝術家還是領導人對社會影響大，取決於社會的安定程度。”這種結構的好處就在於，我們只需要在A和B兩個面分別想一個理由即可，這樣就降低了考生的思維難度，節省了時間。
全文結構梳理：
讓步段：“社會能從藝術家的作品中獲益，因為藝術作品可以讓人們放松，提高全民的審美和修養”(Admittedly, society will benefit from the works of great artists, in that the artistic work will make us feel relaxed and improve the public aesthetic view and quality. As we know, the classical works of artists is the crystallization of their wisdom, which will enlighten the public. Take Jane Austen’s famous novels as an example. )
轉折段：“社會能夠受益於政治領導人，因為他們的決策會可以為人們營造健康的生存環境，提高人們的生活質量，”(However, people will gain many benefits from the political leaders, since the policies they made will create a healthy environment and thus improve the public quality of life. It is self-evident that what leaders decides to do will exert an enormous impact on every one’s life. The implementation of Nine Year Compulsory Education Policy is a good case in point. )
遞進段：“到底藝術家還是領導人對社會影響大，取決於社會的發展程度。”(Judging from what has been discussed above, I can hardly agree that society benefits more from works of great artists than from political leaders. From my perspective, it depends on the development of a society whether artistic works bring more benefits than political leaders. To be specific, in a well-developed and stable society, the works of artist will definitely plays a greater role in people’ life, because they have more free time to appreciate these works. By contrast, as for people living in a underdeveloped and turbulent society, the policies of political leaders more benefit the society )
3. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? To be successful in a new job, theability to adapt oneself to the new environment is more important than the excellent knowledge of this job.
【波波老師點睛】
解析這個題目對比了兩個方面的優劣，分別是“對變化環境的適應能力”和“掌握了淵博的工作相關知識”，筆者建議使用“讓步-轉折-遞進”的形式。
全文結構梳理：
讓步段：適應能力是重要的，因為可以幫助你建立良好的人際關系和處理工作中的緊急事件。(Adaptability is of great importance for newly recruited employees in order to help you cope with the complicated relationship with others as well as tackle the emergencies in work place)比如，與老板同事搞好關系。和老板關系好，有助於升職加薪。 和同事關系好，可以擴大交際圈，在遇到困難時候，可以向他們尋求幫助。 具體來說，我在剛進入一個廣告公司，很多業務都不熟悉，但是我的交際能力很強，很快我就認識了很多朋友，他們都會細心的幫助我慢慢的熟悉工作內容。處理緊急事件的能力在職場中也很重要，因為經常會有emergency 出現，比如說文件的丟失(files),如果你有較強的應急能力，你將會受到老板的賞識。
轉折段：掌握工作相關的知識有助於你更高效的完成工作內容，或者是解決別人不能解決的問題。(An excellent knowledge of your job can help you finish your work more efficiently and even solve the problems others can’t handle.)我大表哥的求職經歷可以作為一個很好的例子。 他在畢業時，向微軟公司申請了網絡工程師的職位，這個職位競爭非常激烈。我的大表哥憑借著自己扎實知識儲備，最終順利進入微軟。
遞進段：就我而言，我不同意上述觀點。我認為這要取決於工作的種類。(Judging from what has been discussed above, I can hardly agree the above statement. From my perspective, it depends on the type of career you choose which is more important, strong adaptability or abundant expertise.)如果是高科技行業，需要有專業的知識，才能在工作中得到升職。 相反，如果是政府服務類工作，需要有較強的適應環境能力，因為你要面對各種各樣的突發事件
4. Students must takea class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are tryingto decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take?Why?
【波波老師點睛】
這道題目是一個三選一的題目，這類題目最簡單的思考方式，就是從A,B,C三個選項中，選出其中一項，然後說出這一項的好處，然後說出另外兩種的缺陷，就可以了。此題，筆者建議選擇managing personal finances，具體思路如下
全文思路結構：
理由一：獲得理財能力，可以幫助學生形成理性的消費觀，避免攀比心理，從而合理分配自己的零用錢。眾所周知，形成合理消費的習慣對於學生現在和未來的生活都起到非常重要的作用。(To begin with, Acquiring the ability of managing money can help students form a rational view of spending and avoid competing mind between each other, thus making them allocating money properly. As we know, the formation of distributing one’s financial resources has a great influence on students’ current and future life. )
理由二：學習做飯會存在安全隱患，因為學生缺乏安全意識，很容易引起火災。而且，會浪費時間，因為學生完全可以去餐廳吃飯，而不需要自己做飯。(Secondly, there are a few advantages of learning cooking. For one thing, potential safety hazards may accompany the process of cooking, because students usually lack the awareness of safety, which may result in the outbreak of fire. For another, cooking by students themselves may waste much precious time which can be saved by eating in canteen.)
理由三：學習修車對學生來說實用性不強，因為學生出行的方式主要是自行車或做公交車。(Thirdly, learning auto repair is not useful for students because most of them usually go to school by riding bike or taking public transportation.)
結尾段：綜上所述，我認為學校應該開始的課程是理財課。(Judging from what has been discussed above, it is reasonable to draw the conclusion that schools should require their students to take the course of managing finance. )
5. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? The more money people have, the morethey should give away for charity.
【波波老師點睛】
理解這道題目的含義非常重要，因為很多同學會把它簡單看作是“有錢人應不應該做慈善”，這樣寫的話，就出現了跑題，因為這道題目的真正含義是“越有錢的人，越應該更多的做慈善“， 題目內部暗含一個邏輯，就是”越…, 越…“，所以大家一定要注意。這道題目，筆者建議選擇同意，並使用總分總的結構，具體思路如下：
全文思路結構：
理由一：有更多財富人應該做慈善， 因為有助於縮小貧富差距，從而促進社會穩定。現在社會中，人們矛盾產生的源頭之一就是財富分布不均， 所以富人通過慈善幫助窮人可以減少人們的抱怨。(First and foremost, those people with greater wealth should donate more money in order to narrow the financial disparity between the poor and the rich and thus promote the social stability. As we know, the uneven distribution of wealth is the main factor causing the public to make complaints. )
理由二：掌握更多財富的人做慈善的效果會更好，因為他們更有財力和影響力。相比於財力有限的人來說，有錢人能夠為需要幫助的人提供更多的支持，並可以號召更多的人加入到慈善行列。(Secondly, the richer people can do a better job in charity, due to their better financial situation as well as their greater influence. Compared with people with low income, the wealthier people are able to provide more money for those in need of help and have a greater effect on calling for the whole society to join in.)
結尾段：有些人認為一個人應該有支配自己錢財的權利，但是個人的成功離不開社會的支持。 所以我還是認為有更多的錢的人應該更多的做慈善。(Some people may assert that every one has the right to distribute their own earnings. However, personal success is closely related to the social support. Therefore, I am still convinced that people with more money should make more contribution to charity.)
【波波老師點睛】
題目大意：題目中含有絕對詞“most”，理論上不同意更好寫。筆者建議先讓步，再轉折。
具體思路如下：
讓步：確實，從家人可以學到一些重要的東西，比如說一些重要的品質和良好的生活習慣。
Admittedly, we can learn many important things from our families, like some good qualities and habits.(+具體事例：從家庭可以學到誠實這一品質和良好的衛生習慣，而這些品質和習慣可以在工作、生活上幫助到我們)
轉折：但是，從學校也可以學到很多對人們很重要的知識，比如說基礎知識和專業知識。
However, we can also learn lots of important knowledge from schools, like basic and professional knowledge.(+具體事例：從學校可以學會算數，這可以讓我們針對每日的收支進行記錄;也可以從學校學會外語，這可以讓我們和老外交朋友，也可以了解國外文化，以及當外語老師謀生)
結尾段：綜上所述，不同意題目。實際上，在學校學的東西比在家裡學的東西更重要，因為在學校學的都是實用的能力和技能，這些東西有助於我們發展事業和養家。
Judging from the above evidence offered, I can hardly agree that the most important things people learn are from their families. In fact, I believe that what we acquire from schools is more important than that from families, in that school education can provide us with more practical abilities and skills. And all these important things play a crucial role in our careers which help to support our families.
2. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? Political leaders have greater influenceon the society than artists.
【波波老師點睛】
讀過此題之後，會發現這是一道A > B的題目，針對這種題目，筆者建議使用：先部分同意，在轉折，最後遞進的結構來進行寫作。結合題目來說就是，先說 “社會能從藝術家的作品中獲益，因為藝術作品可以讓人們放松，提高全民的審美和修養”，然後再說“社會能夠受益於政治領導人，因為他們的決策會可以為人們營造健康的生存環境，提高人們的生活質量，”最後遞進“到底藝術家還是領導人對社會影響大，取決於社會的安定程度。”這種結構的好處就在於，我們只需要在A和B兩個面分別想一個理由即可，這樣就降低了考生的思維難度，節省了時間。
全文結構梳理：
讓步段：“社會能從藝術家的作品中獲益，因為藝術作品可以讓人們放松，提高全民的審美和修養”(Admittedly, society will benefit from the works of great artists, in that the artistic work will make us feel relaxed and improve the public aesthetic view and quality. As we know, the classical works of artists is the crystallization of their wisdom, which will enlighten the public. Take Jane Austen’s famous novels as an example. )
轉折段：“社會能夠受益於政治領導人，因為他們的決策會可以為人們營造健康的生存環境，提高人們的生活質量，”(However, people will gain many benefits from the political leaders, since the policies they made will create a healthy environment and thus improve the public quality of life. It is self-evident that what leaders decides to do will exert an enormous impact on every one’s life. The implementation of Nine Year Compulsory Education Policy is a good case in point. )
遞進段：“到底藝術家還是領導人對社會影響大，取決於社會的發展程度。”(Judging from what has been discussed above, I can hardly agree that society benefits more from works of great artists than from political leaders. From my perspective, it depends on the development of a society whether artistic works bring more benefits than political leaders. To be specific, in a well-developed and stable society, the works of artist will definitely plays a greater role in people’ life, because they have more free time to appreciate these works. By contrast, as for people living in a underdeveloped and turbulent society, the policies of political leaders more benefit the society )
3. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? To be successful in a new job, theability to adapt oneself to the new environment is more important than the excellent knowledge of this job.
【波波老師點睛】
解析這個題目對比了兩個方面的優劣，分別是“對變化環境的適應能力”和“掌握了淵博的工作相關知識”，筆者建議使用“讓步-轉折-遞進”的形式。
全文結構梳理：
讓步段：適應能力是重要的，因為可以幫助你建立良好的人際關系和處理工作中的緊急事件。(Adaptability is of great importance for newly recruited employees in order to help you cope with the complicated relationship with others as well as tackle the emergencies in work place)比如，與老板同事搞好關系。和老板關系好，有助於升職加薪。 和同事關系好，可以擴大交際圈，在遇到困難時候，可以向他們尋求幫助。 具體來說，我在剛進入一個廣告公司，很多業務都不熟悉，但是我的交際能力很強，很快我就認識了很多朋友，他們都會細心的幫助我慢慢的熟悉工作內容。處理緊急事件的能力在職場中也很重要，因為經常會有emergency 出現，比如說文件的丟失(files),如果你有較強的應急能力，你將會受到老板的賞識。
轉折段：掌握工作相關的知識有助於你更高效的完成工作內容，或者是解決別人不能解決的問題。(An excellent knowledge of your job can help you finish your work more efficiently and even solve the problems others can’t handle.)我大表哥的求職經歷可以作為一個很好的例子。 他在畢業時，向微軟公司申請了網絡工程師的職位，這個職位競爭非常激烈。我的大表哥憑借著自己扎實知識儲備，最終順利進入微軟。
遞進段：就我而言，我不同意上述觀點。我認為這要取決於工作的種類。(Judging from what has been discussed above, I can hardly agree the above statement. From my perspective, it depends on the type of career you choose which is more important, strong adaptability or abundant expertise.)如果是高科技行業，需要有專業的知識，才能在工作中得到升職。 相反，如果是政府服務類工作，需要有較強的適應環境能力，因為你要面對各種各樣的突發事件
4. Students must takea class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are tryingto decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take?Why?
【波波老師點睛】
這道題目是一個三選一的題目，這類題目最簡單的思考方式，就是從A,B,C三個選項中，選出其中一項，然後說出這一項的好處，然後說出另外兩種的缺陷，就可以了。此題，筆者建議選擇managing personal finances，具體思路如下
全文思路結構：
理由一：獲得理財能力，可以幫助學生形成理性的消費觀，避免攀比心理，從而合理分配自己的零用錢。眾所周知，形成合理消費的習慣對於學生現在和未來的生活都起到非常重要的作用。(To begin with, Acquiring the ability of managing money can help students form a rational view of spending and avoid competing mind between each other, thus making them allocating money properly. As we know, the formation of distributing one’s financial resources has a great influence on students’ current and future life. )
理由二：學習做飯會存在安全隱患，因為學生缺乏安全意識，很容易引起火災。而且，會浪費時間，因為學生完全可以去餐廳吃飯，而不需要自己做飯。(Secondly, there are a few advantages of learning cooking. For one thing, potential safety hazards may accompany the process of cooking, because students usually lack the awareness of safety, which may result in the outbreak of fire. For another, cooking by students themselves may waste much precious time which can be saved by eating in canteen.)
理由三：學習修車對學生來說實用性不強，因為學生出行的方式主要是自行車或做公交車。(Thirdly, learning auto repair is not useful for students because most of them usually go to school by riding bike or taking public transportation.)
結尾段：綜上所述，我認為學校應該開始的課程是理財課。(Judging from what has been discussed above, it is reasonable to draw the conclusion that schools should require their students to take the course of managing finance. )
5. Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? The more money people have, the morethey should give away for charity.
【波波老師點睛】
理解這道題目的含義非常重要，因為很多同學會把它簡單看作是“有錢人應不應該做慈善”，這樣寫的話，就出現了跑題，因為這道題目的真正含義是“越有錢的人，越應該更多的做慈善“， 題目內部暗含一個邏輯，就是”越…, 越…“，所以大家一定要注意。這道題目，筆者建議選擇同意，並使用總分總的結構，具體思路如下：
全文思路結構：
理由一：有更多財富人應該做慈善， 因為有助於縮小貧富差距，從而促進社會穩定。現在社會中，人們矛盾產生的源頭之一就是財富分布不均， 所以富人通過慈善幫助窮人可以減少人們的抱怨。(First and foremost, those people with greater wealth should donate more money in order to narrow the financial disparity between the poor and the rich and thus promote the social stability. As we know, the uneven distribution of wealth is the main factor causing the public to make complaints. )
理由二：掌握更多財富的人做慈善的效果會更好，因為他們更有財力和影響力。相比於財力有限的人來說，有錢人能夠為需要幫助的人提供更多的支持，並可以號召更多的人加入到慈善行列。(Secondly, the richer people can do a better job in charity, due to their better financial situation as well as their greater influence. Compared with people with low income, the wealthier people are able to provide more money for those in need of help and have a greater effect on calling for the whole society to join in.)
結尾段：有些人認為一個人應該有支配自己錢財的權利，但是個人的成功離不開社會的支持。 所以我還是認為有更多的錢的人應該更多的做慈善。(Some people may assert that every one has the right to distribute their own earnings. However, personal success is closely related to the social support. Therefore, I am still convinced that people with more money should make more contribution to charity.)
2015年7月4日托福寫作小範圍預測
2015年7月4日托福寫作小範圍預測
獨立寫作
第一題：Should the government spend more money on education of very young children than the education of universities ?
第二題： Telephone has had greater effect on people's lives than television.
第三題：Your job will have more effect on your happiness than the social life does.
第四題： 高中生應該學習經濟學嗎?
第五題：In the past people are more friendly than that today.
第六題：It is important to have rules about types of clothing that people are allowed to wear to work and school.
第七題：學校該給畢業生就業指導嗎?
第八題：現在食物比以前更健康嗎?
第九題：20年後還會使用打印書籍嗎?
第十題：住大城市比農村更好照顧家庭成員嗎?
綜合寫作
預測一：
閱讀文章的要點：政府不應該在藝術事業或藝術機構上花費太多，理由如下：
一，贊助藝術並不是一個政府當然或必然的責任。政府花了很多納稅人的錢在藝術事業上，而這些本來可以用於更多其他需要解決的問題上。
二，政府投資藝術事業很容易引起抑制問題,因為政府很容易支持那些在政治傾向上有利於自己的藝術作品，而抑制那些在政治觀點上和自己不一樣的。
三，政府對藝術的資助是完全不必要的，例如電影等產業每年盈利非常豐厚，根本不需要政府資助。而另外還有很多社會問題亟待政府的資助。
講座的要點：政府不應該停止對藝術事業的資助，相反應該增加投入。理由如下：
一，藝術給人們的生活帶來更多的樂趣，而豐富人們的生活是政府的義務。
二，政府資助藝術並不存在 censoring problem.
三，政府資助對於好萊塢這樣的電影產業集團可能是不必要的，但是政府資助實際上對於很多其他的藝術群體是必不可少的。舉例說兒童藝術的問題。說如果兒童沒有政府資助，不可能有錢辦畫展或者接受專業的藝術教育
預測二：
閱讀：
1.殺蟲劑的使用
2.人類活動破壞了它們的棲息地
3.有其他動物競爭食物
聽力
1.在美國東部使用殺蟲劑之前這種甲殼蟲的數量就已經下降了;而在美國西部，殺蟲劑使用
了二三十年其他蟲子都沒有受到影響，所以不是使用殺蟲劑的緣故。
2.其他甲殼蟲的棲息地也減少了，但是數量卻沒有受到影響，所以和棲息地減少無關。
3.這種甲殼蟲有很靈敏的嗅覺，可以發現食物並且藏起來，並且散發一種很討厭的味道防止其他動物靠近，所以很容易生存下去。
預測三：
prescribed burning，就是有計劃的去燒林。
閱讀材料裡提出三點異議，一是會傷害到小動物，二是煙大造成污染，三是很容易引發危險。對應反駁，第一條是動物有繁殖期，只要避開那幾個月就不會傷害到幼小的動物，而成年動物會躲開，而且燒林的進程也是緩慢的，他們有足夠時間去遷移。
第二條是森林可以吸收煙，不會造成很大污染。
第三條是燒林其實並不危險，因為燒的都是枯葉和動物屍體等等，如果不及時處理，不小心著火了才更危險，所以其實人工燒林還能避免森林火災。
預測四：
閱讀文章說 用 GAS 做能源有諸多壞處。1. 不是綠色能源; 造成溫室效應。2. 開采用的水添加了化學有毒物質，會污染飲用水體系;3. 開采時噪音和燈光會影響 LOCAL COMMUNITIES;
講座教授反駁。1. 綠色能源風能和太陽能不夠; GAS 燃燒產生的溫室效應沒有想像的那麼大; 比煤炭干淨。2. 水可以收集，放到特殊地方， 埋到很深的地下， 不會影響飲用水; 3. 開采 GAS 會給社區帶來就業機會。
預測五:
閱讀：Phoenicians sail around Africa is not true.
理由一：Simple technique,航海技術不夠先進到讓他們穿過赤道到達非洲南端
理由二：Egyptian rulers were not interested in exploration beyond their lands.
理由三：Made-up story,古代人很喜歡編故事，很有可能腓尼基人的航海故事也是人們編造出來而非歷史事實
聽力：不贊成 reading 的說法
理由一:
It is true that the technique was simple, but scientists made it to sail around Africa merely by the ships that they recreated by using the exact same techniques and materials at the Phoenician time.
理由二: 埃及國王們的確普遍是不喜歡探索外面的世界，但是 Necho II was very interested in water transportation. 他開發建了 canals 等等。因此有可能他支持海外航海，因為他 wanted to find new trade partners
理由三:在腓尼基人的航海故事中有著關於 Sun's position 的詳細記載： After 12 o'clock，they found the sun was in the north when they were at the Southern Hemisphere，在南半球看到太陽在北部，這對於在北半球的古代人來是說是很難編出來的， difficult for them to make up.
獨立寫作
第一題：Should the government spend more money on education of very young children than the education of universities ?
第二題： Telephone has had greater effect on people's lives than television.
第三題：Your job will have more effect on your happiness than the social life does.
第四題： 高中生應該學習經濟學嗎?
第五題：In the past people are more friendly than that today.
第六題：It is important to have rules about types of clothing that people are allowed to wear to work and school.
第七題：學校該給畢業生就業指導嗎?
第八題：現在食物比以前更健康嗎?
第九題：20年後還會使用打印書籍嗎?
第十題：住大城市比農村更好照顧家庭成員嗎?
綜合寫作
預測一：
閱讀文章的要點：政府不應該在藝術事業或藝術機構上花費太多，理由如下：
一，贊助藝術並不是一個政府當然或必然的責任。政府花了很多納稅人的錢在藝術事業上，而這些本來可以用於更多其他需要解決的問題上。
二，政府投資藝術事業很容易引起抑制問題,因為政府很容易支持那些在政治傾向上有利於自己的藝術作品，而抑制那些在政治觀點上和自己不一樣的。
三，政府對藝術的資助是完全不必要的，例如電影等產業每年盈利非常豐厚，根本不需要政府資助。而另外還有很多社會問題亟待政府的資助。
講座的要點：政府不應該停止對藝術事業的資助，相反應該增加投入。理由如下：
一，藝術給人們的生活帶來更多的樂趣，而豐富人們的生活是政府的義務。
二，政府資助藝術並不存在 censoring problem.
三，政府資助對於好萊塢這樣的電影產業集團可能是不必要的，但是政府資助實際上對於很多其他的藝術群體是必不可少的。舉例說兒童藝術的問題。說如果兒童沒有政府資助，不可能有錢辦畫展或者接受專業的藝術教育
預測二：
閱讀：
1.殺蟲劑的使用
2.人類活動破壞了它們的棲息地
3.有其他動物競爭食物
聽力
1.在美國東部使用殺蟲劑之前這種甲殼蟲的數量就已經下降了;而在美國西部，殺蟲劑使用
了二三十年其他蟲子都沒有受到影響，所以不是使用殺蟲劑的緣故。
2.其他甲殼蟲的棲息地也減少了，但是數量卻沒有受到影響，所以和棲息地減少無關。
3.這種甲殼蟲有很靈敏的嗅覺，可以發現食物並且藏起來，並且散發一種很討厭的味道防止其他動物靠近，所以很容易生存下去。
預測三：
prescribed burning，就是有計劃的去燒林。
閱讀材料裡提出三點異議，一是會傷害到小動物，二是煙大造成污染，三是很容易引發危險。對應反駁，第一條是動物有繁殖期，只要避開那幾個月就不會傷害到幼小的動物，而成年動物會躲開，而且燒林的進程也是緩慢的，他們有足夠時間去遷移。
第二條是森林可以吸收煙，不會造成很大污染。
第三條是燒林其實並不危險，因為燒的都是枯葉和動物屍體等等，如果不及時處理，不小心著火了才更危險，所以其實人工燒林還能避免森林火災。
預測四：
閱讀文章說 用 GAS 做能源有諸多壞處。1. 不是綠色能源; 造成溫室效應。2. 開采用的水添加了化學有毒物質，會污染飲用水體系;3. 開采時噪音和燈光會影響 LOCAL COMMUNITIES;
講座教授反駁。1. 綠色能源風能和太陽能不夠; GAS 燃燒產生的溫室效應沒有想像的那麼大; 比煤炭干淨。2. 水可以收集，放到特殊地方， 埋到很深的地下， 不會影響飲用水; 3. 開采 GAS 會給社區帶來就業機會。
預測五:
閱讀：Phoenicians sail around Africa is not true.
理由一：Simple technique,航海技術不夠先進到讓他們穿過赤道到達非洲南端
理由二：Egyptian rulers were not interested in exploration beyond their lands.
理由三：Made-up story,古代人很喜歡編故事，很有可能腓尼基人的航海故事也是人們編造出來而非歷史事實
聽力：不贊成 reading 的說法
理由一:
It is true that the technique was simple, but scientists made it to sail around Africa merely by the ships that they recreated by using the exact same techniques and materials at the Phoenician time.
理由二: 埃及國王們的確普遍是不喜歡探索外面的世界，但是 Necho II was very interested in water transportation. 他開發建了 canals 等等。因此有可能他支持海外航海，因為他 wanted to find new trade partners
理由三:在腓尼基人的航海故事中有著關於 Sun's position 的詳細記載： After 12 o'clock，they found the sun was in the north when they were at the Southern Hemisphere，在南半球看到太陽在北部，這對於在北半球的古代人來是說是很難編出來的， difficult for them to make up.
2015年5月24日 星期日
[台灣新東方]托福價位表(2015年五月更新版)
以下課程接為原價參考價位元，由付款方式決定折扣數
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(可分期:3、6、9、12期)
TOEFL旗艦全程VIP
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
290
|
￥7880
|
NTD41,764
|
|
|
293
|
￥7980
|
NTD42,294
|
|
|
317
|
￥8280
|
NTD43,884
|
|
|
350
|
￥8880
|
NTD47,064
|
TOEFL大學生精品直達班
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
293
|
￥3680
|
NTD19,504
|
|
|
296
|
￥3780
|
NTD20,034
|
|
|
305
|
￥3980
|
NTD21,094
|
TOEFL中學生精品直達班
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
314
|
￥4280
|
NTD22,684
|
|
|
308
|
￥4380
|
NTD23,214
|
|
|
341
|
￥4580
|
NTD24,274
|
TOEFL低起點精品直達班
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
372
|
￥4980
|
NTD26,394
|
TOEFL短期精品班
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
177
|
￥2280
|
NTD12,084
|
|
|
175
|
￥2380
|
NTD12,614
|
|
|
194
|
￥2480
|
NTD13,144
|
TOEFL單項突破班
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
93
|
￥1980
|
NTD10,494
|
|
|
88
|
￥1980
|
NTD10,494
|
|
|
127
|
￥1980
|
NTD10,494
|
|
|
88
|
￥1980
|
NTD10,494
|
TOEFL自助視頻課
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
127
|
￥880
|
NTD4,664
|
|
|
125
|
￥980
|
NTD5,194
|
2015TOEFL點題精講直播
|
課程名稱
|
課時
|
人民幣價
|
台幣價
|
|
4
|
￥320
|
NTD1,670
|
|
|
1
|
￥99
|
NTD525
|
|
|
1
|
￥99
|
NTD525
|
|
|
1
|
￥99
|
NTD525
|
|
|
1
|
￥99
|
NTD525
|
班型對比
|
班型名稱
|
1對1輔導
|
免費重讀
|
名師視頻課
|
循環直播
|
點題直播
|
陪練直播
|
導學答疑
|
模考
|
口語寫作批改
|
|
旗艦全程VIP
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
精品直達班
|
|
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
短期+單項班
|
|
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
|
√
|
√
|
|
自助視頻課
|
|
|
√
|
|
|
|
|
√
|
|
|
臨考點題
|
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|
|
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√
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